Relative number of deaths among wild birds during an outbreak of highly
pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus, the Netherlands, November
2016–January 2017. Number of reported deaths during November
2016–January 2017 (red asterisks) is shown relative to the normalized
number of deaths reported over the same timeframe in the previous 5 years
(average is 1, error bars indicate maximum and minimum from
2011–2012 to 2015–2016). The y-axis is on a log-scale (e.g.,
reported deaths among diving ducks during 2016–2017 was >2,000
times greater than the average reported in the previous 5 years). Within
species groups, numbers of deaths are averaged over species. Data from Sovon
(Dutch Center for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands). A graph of
the same analysis based on data from the Nature Information Foundation
(http://www.waarneming.nl) was also plotted (online Technical
Appendix 2, https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/23/12/17-1086-Techapp2.pdf).