Table 2. Selected examples of successful iron biofortification strategies in crops.

Crop	Details	Strategy employed	Fe content (fold increase over control)	Ref.
Beans	High iron landrace	Traditional breeding for high iron content – molecular details unknown	1.7× in whole beans	102 and 105
Cassava	AtVIT1 with PATATIN promoter	Transgenic: increased iron storage in target tissue	3–4× in storage roots	107
Rice	Combination of overexpressing AtNAS1, OsNAS2, GmFERRITIN and AfPHYTASE	Transgenic: increased iron translocation and storage, degradation of phytate	6× in T4 polished seeds	125
Wheat	OsNAS2 with ZmUBIQUITIN promoter	Transgenic: increased translocation. Co-transformation with ferritin had no synergistic effect	2.5× in whole grains	126