Table 3. Characteristics of participants with under-diagnosed asthma (n=91) and those without asthma (n=113).

Characteristics	Under-diagnosed asthma (n=91)			No asthma (n=113)			P value
	n	%		n	%
Age in years
5-12	15	16.48		16	14.29		0.094
13-18	12	13.19		12	10.71
19-45	33	36.26		43	38.39
45-65	21	23.08		38	33.93
>65	10	10.99		3	2.68
Missing	0	–		1	–
Gender
Female	55	60.44		73	64.60		0.541
Male	36	39.56		40	35.40
Any chronic disease
Yes	40	43.96		52	46.02		0.769
No	51	56.04		61	53.98
Diabetes
Yes	6	6.59		14	12.39		0.166
No	85	93.41		99	87.61
Hypertension
Yes	14	15.38		17	15.04		0.946
No	77	84.62		96	84.96
Chronic disease since entering shelter
Yes	16	42.11		17	37.78		0.688
No	22	57.89		28	62.22
Missing	2	–		7	–
Cigarette smoker, before entering shelter
Yes	19	20.88		34	30.09		0.136
No	72	79.12		79	69.91
Cigarette smoker, since entering shelter
Yes	4	5.56		5	4.42		0.841
No	68	94.44		74	93.67
Non-smokers exposed to second-hand cigarette smoke, before entering shelter
Yes	43	59.72		57	72.15		0.107
No	29	40.28		22	27.85
Non-smokers exposed to second-hand cigarette smoke, since entering shelter
No	23	33.82		19	25.68		0.288
Yes	45	66.18		55	74.32
Narghile smoker, before entering shelter
Yes	7	7.69		10	8.85		0.766
No	84	92.31		103	91.15
Narghile smoker, since entering shelter
Yes	4	4.76		2	1.94		0.276
No	80	95.24		101	98.06
Exposed to second-hand narghile smoke, before entering shelter
Yes	28	33.33		29	28.16		0.444
No	56	66.67		74	71.84
Exposed to second-hand narghile smoke, since entering shelter
Yes	26	32.50		31	30.1		0.728
No	54	67.50		72	69.9
Allergic rhinitis
Yes	52	57.14		29	25.66		<0.0001
No	39	42.86		84	74.34
FEV1 (%) before bronchodilators
Mean ± SD	83±23	–		89±17	–		0.013
FEV1 (%) before bronchodilators (n=195)
<80	40	45.45		29	27.10		0.008
FEV1 (%) after bronchodilators (n1=27, n2=10)
Mean ± SD	76±25	–		84±21	–		0.403
FEV1 (%) after bronchodilators
<80	15/27	55.56		4/10	40.00		0.401
FEV1/FVC (%) after bronchodilators
<70	17/85	20.00		5/104	4.81		0.001
Oxygen saturation (SpO2) (%)
Mean ± SD	97±2	–		97±2	–
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (in>30 years)
Mean ± SD	130±32	–		130±31	–
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (in>30 years)
>140	16/57	28.07		19/71	26.76
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
Mean ± SD	85±20	–		82±18	–
Any symptom of PTSD
Yes	20	35.09		11	15.71		<0.05
No	37	64.91		59	84.29
Missing	34	–		43	–
Symptoms of PTSD
Physical symptoms	11	55.00		4	36.36		0.696
Flashbacks	3	15.00		3	27.27
Cognitive symptoms	4	20.00		2	18.18
Multiple symptoms	2	10.00		2	18.18

P values in italic form indicate statistical significance if P<0.05.