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Indication of difficult dissection: a 31-year-old male (patient No. 1) with pleomorphic carcinoma underwent neoadjuvant CCRT, followed by robotic LUL lobectomy and lymph node dissection. (A) The primary tumor; (B) the arrows indicate N2 lymph nodes encasing pulmonary artery. CCRT, concurrent chemoradiation therapy; LUL, left upper lobe.
