Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics according to quartiles of prelude SBPV
| All | Quartile of SBPV (mmHg)
|
P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (lowest) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 (highest) | |||
| <11.6 | 11.6 to <15.7 | 15.7 to <20.4 | ≥20.4 | |||
| (N = 17,729) | (n = 4,433) | (n = 4,432) | (n = 4,431) | (n = 4,433) | ||
| Age (years) | 67.8±11.2 | 69.5±11.6 | 68.1±11.3 | 67.3±10.9 | 66.2±11.0 | <0.001 |
| Sex (male) | 17,388 (98.1) | 4,361 (98.4) | 4,349 (98.1) | 4,350 (98.2) | 4,328 (97.6) | 0.071 |
| Race (African-American) | 5,559 (31.4) | 1,076 (24.3) | 1,372 (31.0) | 1,486 (33.5) | 1,625 (36.7) | <0.001 |
| Marital status (married) | 9,204 (51.9) | 2,540 (57.3) | 2,332 (52.6) | 2,223 (50.2) | 2,109 (47.6) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 141.2±16.1 | 133.5±15.1 | 138.2±14.6 | 143.3±14.3 | 149.9±15.4 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73.7±10.6 | 71.1±10.4 | 72.8±10.1 | 74.1±10.2 | 77.0±10.9 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.9±6.6 | 30.0±6.5 | 30.4±6.6 | 30.1±6.6 | 29.2±6.4 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 17,327 (97.7) | 4,237 (95.6) | 4,329 (97.7) | 4,367 (98.6) | 4,394 (99.1) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 12,941 (73.0) | 2,921 (65.9) | 3,177 (71.7) | 3,382 (76.3) | 3,461 (78.1) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease* | 8,315 (46.9) | 2,012 (45.4) | 2,023 (45.6) | 2,150 (48.5) | 2,130 (48.0) | 0.003 |
| Congestive heart failure | 9,930 (56.0) | 2,455 (55.4) | 2,471 (55.8) | 2,519 (56.8) | 2,485 (56.1) | 0.55 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 7,354 (41.5) | 1,773 (40.0) | 1,795 (40.5) | 1,914 (43.2) | 1,872 (42.2) | 0.007 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 8,136 (45.9) | 2,098 (47.3) | 2,098 (47.3) | 2,050 (46.3) | 1,890 (42.6) | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 2,393 (13.5) | 595 (13.4) | 616 (13.9) | 587 (13.2) | 595 (13.4) | 0.83 |
| Malignancies | 4,401 (24.8) | 1,189 (26.8) | 1,212 (27.3) | 1,057 (23.9) | 943 (21.3) | <0.001 |
| AIDS/HIV | 244 (1.4) | 70 (1.6) | 60 (1.4) | 60 (1.4) | 54 (1.2) | 0.53 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 5.0 (3.0, 7.0) | 5.0 (3.0, 7.0) | 5.0 (3.0, 7.0) | 5.0 (3.0, 7.0) | 5.0 (3.0, 7.0) | <0.001 |
| Vascular access type (catheter) | 12,345 (69.6) | 3,086 (69.6) | 3,027 (68.3) | 2,994 (67.6) | 3,238 (73.0) | <0.001 |
| Medications | ||||||
| ACEIs/ARBs | 11,238 (63.4) | 2,454 (55.4) | 2,793 (63.0) | 2,936 (66.3) | 3,055 (68.9) | <0.001 |
| β-blockers | 14,036 (79.2) | 3,161 (71.3) | 3,448 (77.8) | 3,679 (83.0) | 3,748 (84.5) | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 13,047 (73.6) | 2,799 (63.1) | 3,158 (71.3) | 3,459 (78.1) | 3,631 (81.9) | <0.001 |
| Diuretics | 14,854 (83.8) | 3,428 (77.3) | 3,725 (84.0) | 3,862 (87.2) | 3,839 (86.6) | <0.001 |
| Vasodilators | 1,075 (6.1) | 126 (2.8) | 198 (4.5) | 307 (6.9) | 444 (10.0) | <0.001 |
| Statins | 12,772 (72.0) | 3,027 (68.3) | 3,189 (72.0) | 3,295 (74.4) | 3,261 (73.6) | <0.001 |
| Vitamin D analogs | 6,391 (36.0) | 1,453 (32.8) | 1,679 (37.9) | 1,713 (38.7) | 1,546 (34.9) | <0.001 |
| ESAs | 6,762 (38.1) | 1,231 (27.8) | 1,698 (38.3) | 1,946 (43.9) | 1,887 (42.6) | <0.001 |
| CV medication adherence (>80%) | 13,793 (77.8) | 3,640 (82.1) | 3,561 (80.3) | 3,407 (76.9) | 3,185 (71.8) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters† | ||||||
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 3.4±0.6 | 3.5±0.6 | 3.4±0.6 | 3.4±0.6 | 3.3±0.6 | <0.001 |
| Blood hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.9±1.4 | 11.1±1.5 | 10.9±1.4 | 10.8±1.3 | 10.7±1.3 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 15.7 (11.9, 22.2) | 16.3 (11.9, 24.7) | 15.7 (11.9, 22.5) | 15.4 (11.8, 21.2) | 15.6 (12.0, 21.0) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as number (percentage), mean ± standard deviation, or median (25th, 75th percentiles).
*
Cardiovascular disease include coronary artery disease, angina, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular disease.
†
All laboratory results averaged over the one-year prelude period.
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BP, blood pressure; CV, cardiovascular; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESA, erythropoietin stimulating agent; SBPV, systolic blood pressure variability