Table 2.
Factors associated with prelude SBPV
| Characteristics | Coefficient* | (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (per 1 year) | −0.03 | (−0.04 to −0.02) | <0.001 |
| Sex (male vs. women) | 0.63 | (−0.06 to 1.31) | 0.072 |
| Race (African-American vs. white) | −0.01 | (−0.23 to 0.21) | 0.91 |
| Marital status (married vs. non-married) | −0.44 | (−0.64 to −0.25) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (per 1 mmHg) | 0.15 | (0.14 to 0.16) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (per 1 kg/m2) | −0.10 | (−0.11 to −0.08) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities (yes vs. no) | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.64 | (0.38 to 0.90) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease† | 0.44 | (0.23 to 0.66) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 0.08 | (−0.14 to 0.30) | 0.49 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 0.39 | (0.18 to 0.60) | <0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 0.07 | (−0.14 to 0.28) | 0.53 |
| Liver disease | −0.10 | (−0.39 to 0.20) | 0.52 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (per 1 unit) | −0.02 | (−0.08 to 0.03) | 0.37 |
| Vascular access type (catheter vs. others) | 0.34 | (0.13 to 0.56) | <0.001 |
| Medications (yes vs. no) | |||
| ACEIs/ARBs | 0.65 | (0.44 to 0.85) | <0.001 |
| β-blockers | 0.88 | (0.64 to 1.13) | <0.001 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 0.19 | (−0.05 to 0.42) | 0.12 |
| Diuretics | 0.27 | (−0.02 to 0.55) | 0.067 |
| Vasodilators | 0.96 | (0.56 to 1.36) | <0.001 |
| Statins | 0.15 | (−0.08 to 0.37) | 0.21 |
| ESAs | 0.74 | (0.53 to 0.95) | <0.001 |
| CV medication adherence (>80% vs. ≤80%) | −0.80 | (−1.02 to −0.57) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters‡ | |||
| Serum albumin (per 1 g/dL) | −0.82 | (−1.00 to −0.65) | <0.001 |
| Blood hemoglobin (per 1 g/dL) | 0.008 | (−0.07 to 0.08) | 0.84 |
| eGFR (per 1 mL/min/1.73m2) | 0.002 | (−0.006 to 0.01) | 0.53 |
Coefficient for multivariable linear regression models. Value of coefficient represents change in SBPV (mmHg) per 1 unit change in each factor. Positive and negative numbers indicate higher and lower BPV per 1 unit change in factors, respectively. The variance inflation factors of these parameters were all less than 5.
Cardiovascular disease include coronary artery disease, angina, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular disease.
All laboratory results averaged over the one-year prelude period.
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESA, erythropoietin stimulating agent; SBPV, systolic blood pressure variability