Fig 4. Gene expression analysis for immunoregulatory mediators in pericystic brain tissues with Evans blue extravasation, from infected pigs following PZQ treatment with or without pretreatment with anti-inflammatory agents.

Expression of each target gene in pericystic tissues from individual cysts was determined by quantitative RT-PCR (see Methods). Expression of IL-10 (A), CTLA4 (B), IL-13 (C) and TGF-β1 (D) are shown as fold expression as detailed in the legend for Fig 3. Each dot represents an individual capsule, bars represent the mean and error bars are the standard deviations. Group labels are the same as for Fig 2 and asterisks indicate level of significance as listed in Fig 2. Within each study group, different numbers of cysts were analyzed for each of the markers shown.