A, Distribution of NEC scores in Harlan Labs rats that received 0, 106, and 108 cfu of EC25 per feeding. Horizontal bars are medians. *, significant difference from the group that received no EC25 (p<0.05). B. NEC scores in control Harlan Labs rats (solid bars) and those that received EC25 (open bars). C, Average fractions of EC25 in microbimes of NEC (score 2–4, n = 8) and no NEC (score 0–1, n = 24) rats. All animals received 106 or 108 cfu of EC25. *, significant difference, p = 0.014. D, Average logarithms of total EC25 loads in no-NEC (n = 24) and NEC (n = 8) animals. E, Average SDI with (n = 32) and without (n = 80) supplementation with EC25.