Table 2.

Frequency and odds of cesarean delivery by maternal race and ethnicity in nulliparous cohort

	Non- Hispanic white	Non-Hispanic black			Asian			Hispanic
	N (%, 95%CI)	N (%, 95%CI)	Unadjusted OR (95%CI)	aOR* (95% CI)	N (%, 95%CI)	Unadjusted OR (95%CI)	aOR* (95% CI)	N (%, 95%CI)	Unadjusted OR (95%CI)	aOR* (95% CI)
Cesarean delivery (vs. vaginal delivery)†	4594 (25.0, 24.4–25.6)	2148 (28.3, 27.3–29.3)	1.19 (1.12–1.26)	1.47 (1.36–1.59)	737 (28.7, 26.9–30.4)	1.21 (1.10–1.32)	1.26 (1.14–1.40)	1677 (24.0, 23.0–25.0)	0.95 (0.89–1.01)	1.17 (1.07–1.27)
Indication (vs. vaginal delivery)‡
Non-reassuring fetal status	1106 (6.0, 5.7–6.4)	945 (12.5, 11.7–13.2)	2.17 (1.98–2.38)	2.39 (2.13–2.69)	196 (7.6, 6.6–8.7)	1.33 (1.14–1.56)	1.29 (1.09–1.53)	492 (7.0, 6.4–7.6)	1.15 (1.03–1.29)	1.22 (1.07–1.40)
Labor dystocia or failed induction	2807 (15.3, 14.8–15.8)	1043 (13.8, 13.0–14.5)	0.94 (0.87–1.02)	1.21 (1.09–1.33)	460 (17.9, 16.4–19.4)	1.23 (1.10–1.38)	1.39 (1.23–1.57)	1052 (15.1, 14.2–15.9)	0.97 (0.90–1.05)	1.24 (1.13–1.38)
Suspected macrosomia	244 (1.3, 1.2–1.5)	45 (0.6, 0.4–0.8)	0.47 (0.34–0.64)	0.49 (0.34–0.72)	17 (0.7, 0.4–1.0)	0.52 (0.32–0.86)	0.48 (0.28–0.81)	43 (0.6, 0.4–0.8)	0.46 (0.33–0.63)	0.76 (0.52–1.12)
Elective	291 (1.6, 1.4–1.8)	55 (0.7, 0.5–0.9)	0.48 (0.36–0.64)	0.84 (0.60–1.16)	45 (1.8, 1.2–2.3)	1.16 (0.85–1.60)	1.02 (0.72–1.44)	43 (0.6, 0.4–0.8)	0.38 (0.28–0.53)	0.60 (0.42–0.87)
Other	138 (0.8, 0.6–0.9)	54 (0.7, 0.5–0.9)	0.99 (0.72–1.36)	1.23 (0.85–1.79)	19 (0.7, 0.4–1.1)	1.04 (0.64–1.68)	0.98 (0.58–1.65)	38 (0.5, 0.4–0.7)	0.71 (0.50–1.02)	0.90 (0.57–1.42)

^*Multivariable logistic regression (cesarean delivery) and multivariable multinomial logistic regression (indication). Compared with non-Hispanic white women. Adjusted for age, BMI, diabetes, smoking, chorioamnionitis, gestational hypertension or preeclampsia, gestational age at delivery, and hospital.

^†n=35,529; n=35,005 with complete covariable data.

^‡n=35,529; n=34,982 with complete covariable data.