Table 4.

Adjusted Trends in Asthma, Chronic Hypertension, Substance Use Disorders, and Pre-existing Diabetes Mellitus per 1,000 Delivery Hospitalizations by Rural Compared with Urban Residence (95% CI)^*

Condition	2005–2006	2013–2014	Difference	2005–2006	2013–2014	Difference	Difference-in-differences
	Rural Residence			Urban Residence
Asthma	17.5 (15.7–19.4)	31.8 (30.2–33.3)	14.2 (11.9–16.6)	25.4 (23.0–27.8)	41.5 (40.2–42.7)	16.1 (13.4–18.8)	−1.8 (−5.1–1.5)
Chronic hypertension	16.1 (14.9–17.4)	25.3 (24.1–26.4)	9.2 (7.5–10.9)	15.8 (14.9–16.6)	23.4 (22.8–23.9)	7.6 (6.5–8.6)	1.6 (−0.070–3.3)
Substance use disorders	11.1 (10.0–12.2)	25.3 (23.9–26.7)	14.2 (12.4–15.9)	13.3 (11.6–15.0)	18.5 (17.7–19.3)	5.2 (3.3–7.0)	9.0 (6.7–11.3)
Pre-existing diabetes	8.8 (8.0–9.6)	11.0 (10.5–11.6)	2.3 (1.2–3.3)	8.6 (7.9–9.2)	10.2 (9.9–10.5)	1.6 (0.89–2.3)	0.65 (−0.39–1.7)

^*Adjusted for age, payer, and income.