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. 2017 Dec 1;8:1883. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02156-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Shear deformation coincident with a nascent periodic lattice displacement (PLD) grain. a A complete Δ = Δ ₁ + Δ ₂ map of a ~5 nm region of incipient Δ ₂ order, and a coinciding shearing of the Δ ₁ modulation. b A Δ ₁ map of the same region highlights the bending wavefronts, and reveals attenuation of the PLD amplitude and some rotation of the displacement vectors in the defective region. c–e The shear strain ε _s, |Δ ₁|, and |Δ ₂|, respectively, in the same region. The maximal shearing aligns with attenuation of Δ ₁ and emergence of Δ ₂. The scale bar corresponds to 2 nm