Table 1.
Diabetic gastroparesis symptoms reported: spontaneous, probed, and total (n = 73)
| Symptom | Spontaneous reports | Probed reports | Total reports |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bloating | 51 (69.9%) | 17 (23.3%) | 68 (93.2%) |
| Stomach fullness | 43 (58.9%) | 25 (34.2%) | 68 (93.2%) |
| Upper abdominal discomfort | 16 (21.9%) | 50 (68.5%) | 66 (90.4%) |
| Nausea | 36 (49.3%) | 26 (35.6%) | 62 (84.9%) |
| Early satiety | 30 (41.1%) | 31 (42.5%) | 61 (83.6%) |
| Stomach or belly visibly larger | 35 (47.9%) | 24 (32.9%) | 59 (80.8%) |
| Upper abdominal pain | 38 (52.1%) | 19 (26.0%) | 57 (78.1%) |
| Postprandial fullness | 15 (20.5%) | 41 (56.2%) | 56 (76.7%) |
| Loss of appetite | 22 (30.1%) | 31 (42.5%) | 53 (72.6%) |
| Vomiting | 39 (53.4%) | 5 (6.8%) | 44 (60.3%) |
| Retching | 7 (9.6%) | 33 (45.2%) | 40 (54.8%) |
| Constipation | 39 (53.4%) | NA | 39 (53.4%) |
| Heartburn or reflux | 38 (52.1%) | NA | 38 (52.1%) |
| Gas | 35 (47.9%) | NA | 35 (47.9%) |
| Diarrhea | 28 (38.4%) | NA | 28 (38.4%) |
| Regurgitation | 22 (30.1%) | 2 (2.7%) | 24 (32.9%)a |
| Cramping | 18 (24.7%) | NA | 18 (24.7%) |
| General abdominal pain/discomfort | 18 (24.7%) | NA | 18 (24.7%) |
| Lower abdominal pain | 12 (16.4%) | NA | 12 (16.4%) |
| Lower abdominal discomfort | 7 (9.6%) | NA | 7 (9.6%) |
| Stomach rumbling | 7 (9.6%) | NA | 7 (9.6%) |
| Accidents | 2 (2.7%) | NA | 2 (2.7%) |
If specific symptoms associated with gastroparesis in the literature and/or in existing patient-reported outcome measures were not mentioned spontaneously, interview participants were asked if they had experienced them: stomach fullness, being unable to finish a normal-sized meal, feeling excessively full after meals, loss of appetite, nausea, retching, vomiting, bloating, stomach visibly larger, upper abdominal pain, and upper abdominal discomfort. Italicized symptoms were systematically probed per the pretreatment visit interview guide.
NA not applicable
aAlthough not systematically probed, this symptom was endorsed twice in response to probing.