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. 2017 Nov 30;7:16656. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16804-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Localisation of heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and α2,3-linked sialic acid expression by confocal microscopy. Cryosections and cells were fixed in PFA before permeabilisation with Triton X. Heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate were visualized by labelling with monoclonal antibodies 10E4 and CS-56 (green), α2,3-linked sialic acids were detected by biotinylated Maackia Amurensins lectin (green). Hoechst stained cell nuclei blue. Respiratory mucosal explants express heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate at the basolateral membrane and α2,3-linked sialic acids all over the plasma membrane (green) (upper and middle panel). Isolated EREC monolayers solely express α2,3-linked sialic acids and not heparan sulfate, nor chondroitin sulfate (lower panel). The scale bars represent 50 µm.