Table 2. Effect of prior malignancy on hazard of death from all causes among ALL patients by age group, California, 1988–2012.

Model	Variable	aHR	95% CI	P-value
A	de novo ALL	REF
	am-ALLa	1.19	(1.05, 1.34)	0.0062
B	de novo ALL	REF
	s-ALLb	1.38	(1.16, 1.63)	0.0003
	Prior non-IR solid tumorsc	1.05	(0.89, 1.24)	0.5536
C	s-ALLb (vs de novo ALL)
	Age<40 years	4.80	(3.15, 7.30)	<.0001
	Age⩾40 years	1.40	(1.16, 1.69)	0.0004
	Prior non-IR solid tumorsc (vs de novo ALL)
	Age<40 years	1.34	(0.34, 5.37)	0.6781
	Age⩾40 years	1.54	(1.31, 1.81)	<.0001

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio of death; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; am-ALL, antecedent malignancy ALL; IR, increased risk; s-ALL, secondary ALL.

All models accounting for sex, race/ethnicity, age at diagnosis, marital status, year of diagnosis, histology (B-cell, T-cell and not-otherwise-specified), neighborhood socioeconomic status, rural (vs urban) location.

^aam-ALL is defined as ALL after any prior malignancy.

^bs-ALL is defined as ALL occurring after IR malignancies (hematologic malignancies and salivary gland, bone and joint, breast, testis, brain, thyroid and other endocrine including thymus cancers).

^cNon-IR solid tumors were all malignancies not associated with an increased risk of developing ALL as a second malignancy.