Table 3.
Laboratory Results, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Laboratories
| Pathogens | CSF | Respiratory | Serum/Plasma | Stool/Rectal Swab |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enterovirus/rhinovirus | 1/55 (2) | 24/56 (43)a | 0/43 (0) | 11/54b (20) |
| EV-D68 | 1/1 (100) | 11/23 (48) | … | 0/11 (0) |
| Non-EV-D68 | 0/1 (0) | 12/23 (52) | … | 11/11 (100) |
| Adenoviruses | 0/48 (0) | 0/44 (0) | 1/39 (3) | 5/47 (11) |
| Herpesviruses | ||||
| Herpes simplex virus 1 | 0/41 (0) | 0/35 (0) | 0/33 (0) | … |
| Herpes simplex virus 2 | 0/41 (0) | 0/35 (0) | 0/33 (0) | … |
| Varicella zoster virus | 0/41 (0) | 0/35 (0) | 0/33 (0) | … |
| Epstein-Barr virus | 1/41 (2) | 3/35 (9) | 2/31 (6) | … |
| Human herpesvirus 6A | 0/39 (0) | … | 0/29 (0) | … |
| Human herpesvirus 6B | 0/39 (0) | … | 0/29 (0) | … |
| Cytomegalovirus | 0/38 (0) | … | 0/26 (0) | … |
| Panviral PCR platform | 0/31 (0) | 2/9 (22)c | 1/16 (6)d | 1/7 (14)e |
| Metagenomic next-generation sequencing | 14/35 (40)f | 1/1 (100)g | 7/12 (54)h | … |
| Arboviruses (IgM) | ||||
| West Nile | 0/2 (0) | … | 0/35 (0)i | … |
| St Louis encephalitis | 0/2 (0) | … | 0/35 (0)i | … |
| La Crosse | 0/4 (0) | … | 0/35 (0)i | … |
Data are presented as No. positive/No. tested (% positive).
Abbreviations: …, no specimens tested; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; EV, enterovirus; IgM, immunoglobulin M; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.
One was enterovirus/rhinovirus (EV/RV) positive but untypeable.
One specimen collected about 2 weeks before the onset of limb weakness, respiratory illness, and fever is not included in this denominator. It was negative for EV/RV.
Herpesviridae (human herpesvirus 7, n = 1) and Herpesviridae (human herpesvirus 6a/b, n = 1).
Parvoviridae (erythrovirus B19, n = 1).
Parvoviridae (mouse PV, n = 1).
GB virus C (n = 8), human rhinovirus 4 (n = 4), transfusion transmitted virus (TTV) (n = 1), GB virus C, and TTV-like mini virus (n = 1).
GB virus C and EV-D68 (n = 1) (by EV/RV real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, only human rhinovirus A24 was detected in the specimen and hence this specimen is counted as EV-D68 negative in all the calculations in the manuscript).
GB virus C (n = 6), GB virus C, and TTV-like mini virus (n = 1).
Thirty-three patients with 1 serum specimen only: timing of serum collection from limb weakness onset: <3 days, n = 8; 3–10 days, n = 14; ≥11 days, n = 9; unknown, n = 2; 1 patient with serum 2 and 12 days after onset; 1 patient with serum 22 and 43 days after onset.