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. 2017 Apr-Jun;61(2):83–89. doi: 10.22336/rjo.2017.16

Table 1.

Keith-Wanger-Barker (1939) Classification of hypertensive retinopathy [27].

Grade Classification;
Grade I Generalized retinal arteriolar narrowing or sclerosis;
Grade II Focal arterial narrowing; arteriovenous crossings; Moderate – Severe arterial sclerosis; Arterial light reflex – exaggerated;
Grade III Abnormalities seen in grades I and II; Retinal hemorrhages; Representative exudation; Cotton-wool spots.
Grade IV Abnormalities seen in grades I-II-III; Optic nerve and macular star swelling