Table 3.
Effects (with 95% CI) of a doubling in adiponectin at baseline on 5-year changes in heart rate and HRV indices by diabetes status
| Model | No diabetes | Diabetes | pinteraction | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Estimate | p | n | Estimate | p | |||
| Heart rate (bpm) | 1 | 6841 | − 0.3 (− 0.6; 0.0) | 0.029 | 400 | − 1.5 (− 2.5; − 0.5) | 0.003 | 0.021 |
| 2 | 6841 | − 0.2 (− 0.5; 0.1) | 0.119 | 400 | − 1.4 (− 2.4; − 0.4) | 0.005 | 0.022 | |
| 3 | 6841 | − 0.2 (− 0.5; 0.2) | 0.313 | 400 | − 1.3 (− 2.3; − 0.3) | 0.014 | 0.035 | |
| SDNN (% diff.) | 1 | 2210 | 1.3 (− 1.1; 3.7) | 0.287 | 189 | 10.1 (2.5; 18.2) | 0.009 | 0.027 |
| 2 | 2210 | 0.7 (− 1.7; 3.1) | 0.591 | 189 | 9.3 (1.8; 17.4) | 0.015 | 0.028 | |
| 3 | 2210 | 0.0 (− 2.4; 2.5) | 0.999 | 189 | 8.2 (0.7; 16.3) | 0.032 | 0.036 | |
| RMSSD (% diff.) | 1 | 2210 | 0.3 (− 2.9; 3.5) | 0.877 | 189 | 13.3 (2.7; 25.0) | 0.013 | 0.018 |
| 2 | 2210 | − 0.3 (− 3.6; 3.0) | 0.844 | 189 | 12.5 (2.0; 24.1) | 0.019 | 0.018 | |
| 3 | 2210 | − 0.7 (− 4.0; 2.7) | 0.680 | 189 | 11.8 (1.2; 23.4) | 0.027 | 0.022 | |
| Low frequency power (% diff.) | 1 | 2210 | 3.2 (− 2.1; 8.7) | 0.245 | 189 | 27.5 (8.7; 49.5) | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| 2 | 2210 | 1.2 (− 4.1; 6.8) | 0.660 | 189 | 24.9 (6.5; 46.5) | 0.006 | 0.012 | |
| 3 | 2210 | − 0.3 (− 5.7; 5.4) | 0.916 | 189 | 22.5 (4.3; 43.9) | 0.013 | 0.014 | |
| All participants | ||||||||
| High frequency power (% diff.) | 1 | 2399 | 1.7 (− 3.8; 7.6) | 0.552 | 0.267 | |||
| 2 | 2399 | 0.1 (− 5.4; 6.1) | 0.960 | 0.303 | ||||
| 3 | 2399 | − 1.2 (− 6.9; 4.9) | 0.696 | 0.119 | ||||
| LF/HF ratio (% diff.) | 1 | 2399 | 3.2 (− 0.5; 7.0) | 0.090 | 0.319 | |||
| 2 | 2399 | 2.9 (− 0.8; 6.8) | 0.130 | 0.314 | ||||
| 3 | 2399 | 2.7 (− 1.2; 6.8) | 0.171 | 0.342 | ||||
| Total power (% diff.) | 1 | 2399 | 4.1 (− 0.5; 9.0) | 0.081 | 0.065 | |||
| 2 | 2399 | 2.6 (− 2.0; 7.5) | 0.274 | 0.067 | ||||
| 3 | 2399 | 1.1 (− 3.7; 6.1) | 0.662 | 0.086 | ||||
For heart rate 400 out of 7241 records were for participants with diabetes. For the HRV indices, 189 out of 2399 records were for participants with diabetes
bpm beats per minute, diff. difference, n number of person-examinations used in the particular analysis
p: p-value for the test of the effect being equal to zero
pinteraction: p-value for interaction with diabetes status
Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, study phase and diabetes. For HRV indices, further adjustment for heart rate obtained as part of the HRV analyses
Model 2: Further adjustment for BMI and physical activity
Model 3: Further adjustment for smoking, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, tricyclic antidepressants, diuretics and beta blockers