Table 4.
Independent risk factors for unsuccessful treatment outcomes
| Treatment outcome n (%) |
Univariate OR (95% CI) |
Multivariate AOR (95% CI) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Successful | Unsuccessful | ||||
| Sex | Male | 114 (76) | 36 (24) | Ref | |
| Female | 113 (91.9) | 10 (8.1) | 0.470 (0.281–0.787) |
0.248 (0.239–0.874) |
|
| Age, years | ≤ 45 | 177 (83.5) | 35 (16.5) | Ref | |
| >45 | 50 (82) | 11 (18) | 1.210 (0.678–2.161) |
||
| Area | Urban | 152 (81.3) | 35 (18.7) | Ref | |
| Rural | 75 (87.2) | 11 (12.8) | 1.054 (0.630–1.763) |
||
| Education level | Literate | 127 (82.5) | 27 (17.5) | Ref | |
| Illiterate | 100 (84) | 19 (16) | 2.155 (1.22–3.801) |
2.294 (1.272–4.137) |
|
| Occupation | Employed | 90 (79.6) | 23 (20.4) | Ref | |
| Unemployed | 137 (85.6) | 23 (14.4) | 1.591 (0.982–2.575) |
0.980 (0.379–2.573) |
|
| BCG vaccination | Yes | 46 (92) | 4 (8) | Ref | |
| No | 181 (81.2) | 42 (18.8) | 1.651 (0.849–3.211) |
||
| Marital status | Married | 128 (84.8) | 23 (15.2) | Ref | |
| Unmarried | 99 (81.1) | 23 (18.9) | 0.822 (0.506–1.334) |
||
| Smoking habit | No | 164 (85.9) | 27 (14.1) | Ref | |
| Yes | 63 (76.8) | 19 (23.2) | 1.570 (0.943–2.613) |
1.474 (0.867–2.578) |
|
| Chewing khat a | No | 84 (86.6) | 13 (13.4) | Ref | |
| Yes | 143 (81.3) | 33 (18.8) | 1.397 (0.840–2.322) |
||
| Income (rialb) | >10,000 | 73 (81.1) | 17 (18.9) | Ref | |
| ≤10,000 | 154 (84.2) | 29 (15.8) | 0.651 (0.397–1.068) |
||
| Stigma | No | 127 (82.5) | 27 (17.5) | Ref | |
| Yes | 100 (84) | 19 (16) | 0.683 (0.413–1.131) |
||
| Knowledge | Good (4–6) | 193 (82.5) | 41 (17.5) | Ref | |
| Poor (1–3) | 34 (87.2) | 5 (12.8) | 0.831 (0.401–1.725) |
||
| BMI, kg/m2 | <18.5 | 120 (83.3) | 24 (16.7) | Ref | |
| ≥18.5 | 107 (82.9) | 22 (17.1) | 1.043 (0.646–1.685) |
||
| Comorbid | No | 197 (86) | 32 (14) | Ref | |
| Yes | 30 (68.2) | 14 (31.8) | 1.730 (0.981–3.044) |
1.995 (1.108–3.590) |
|
| Family history of tuberculosis | No | 150 (81.5) | 34 (18.5) | Ref | |
| Yes | 77 (86.5) | 12 (13.5) | 0.890 (0.525–1.509) |
||
Ref reference group, BMI body mass index, BCG Bacillus Calmette–Guerin, AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval
akhat: a shrub that grows in parts of East Africa and Yemen, b rial: one dollar is approximately equivalent to 215 rial