Table 1. Characteristics of the female subjects of a two-survey study of access to maternity care, United Republic of Tanzania, 2007 and 2013.
| Characteristic | No. (%) of subjectsa |
Pb | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 survey (n = 22 243) | 2013 survey (n = 13 820) | ||
| Region | < 0.001 | ||
| Lindi | 13 107 (59) | 7131 (49) | |
| Mtwara | 9136 (41) | 6689 (51) | |
| Ethnic group | < 0.001 | ||
| Makonde | 11 989 (54) | 8010 (60) | |
| Other | 10 254 (46) | 5804 (40) | |
| Household wealth quintilec | < 0.001 | ||
| Most poor | 3331 (15) | 1804 (13) | |
| Very poor | 3963 (18) | 2556 (18) | |
| Poor | 4631 (21) | 2810 (20) | |
| Less poor | 4710 (21) | 3025 (22) | |
| Least poor | 4722 (21) | 3426 (25) | |
| Data missing | 886 (4) | 199 (2) | |
| Education | < 0.001 | ||
| None | 6434 (29) | 2744 (20) | |
| Some primary | 3298 (15) | 1579 (11) | |
| Completed primary | 12 367 (56) | 9362 (68) | |
| Secondary or higher | 45 (0.2) | 78 (1) | |
| Data missing | 99 (1) | 57 (0.4) | |
| Occupation | < 0.001 | ||
| Subsistence farmer | 20 959 (94) | 12 829 (93) | |
| Other | 895 (4) | 792 (6) | |
| Data missing | 389 (2) | 199 (2) | |
| Parity | < 0.001 | ||
| 1 | 5206 (23) | 4252 (31) | |
| 2–3 | 9835 (44) | 5398 (39) | |
| 4–6 | 4693 (21) | 3068 (22) | |
| > 6 | 2506 (11) | 1100 (8) | |
| Age, years | < 0.001 | ||
| < 20 | 3193 (14) | 2431 (18) | |
| 20–29 | 10 747 (48) | 6066 (44) | |
| 30–39 | 6684 (30) | 4189 (30) | |
| 40–49 | 1619 (7) | 1134 (8) | |
| Distance to nearest primary facility, kmd | < 0.001 | ||
| < 1.0 | 5472 (27) | 4366 (34) | |
| 1.0– < 2.5 | 2989 (15) | 2415 (19) | |
| 2.5– < 5.0 | 5663 (28) | 3915 (30) | |
| 5.0– < 7.5 | 2868 (14) | 1681 (13) | |
| ≥ 7.5 | 1056 (5) | 447 (3) | |
| Missing data | 2223 (11) | 189 (2) | |
| Distance to nearest hospital, km | < 0.001 | ||
| < 5.0 | 1838 (8) | 949 (7) | |
| 5.0– < 10.0 | 2420 (11) | 1767 (13) | |
| 10.0– < 15.0 | 3646 (16) | 2684 (19) | |
| 15.0– < 25.0 | 7174 (32) | 5099 (39) | |
| 25.0– < 35.0 | 3681 (17) | 2268 (17) | |
| ≥ 35.0 | 1261 (6) | 864 (5) | |
| Missing data | 2223 (10) | 189 (1) | |
a All the subjects were women of reproductive age who reported giving birth in the 12 months before the survey. All of the percentages for 2013 were computed taking sampling weights into consideration.
b For each characteristic, the significance of the between-survey difference was investigated in a χ2 test.
c There are not equal numbers of subjects from each quintile because, in our study population, the mean number of women of reproductive age per household tended to increase with increasing household wealth.
d Excluding the mothers whose nearest facility was a hospital.