Table 1. Risk of Mental Disorders in Individuals With Positive or Negative Streptococcal Test Resultsa.
Result of Streptococcal Test | Any Mental Disorder | OCD | Tic Disorders | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | IRRb (95% CI) | IRRc (95% CI) | No. | IRRb (95% CI) | IRRc (95% CI) | No. | IRRb (95% CI) | IRRc (95% CI) | |
No test performed | 13 712 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 206 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 522 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
Positive | 15 408 | 1.18 (1.15-1.21)d | 1.16 (1.14-1.20)d | 556 | 1.51 (1.28-1.77)d | 1.49 (1.27-1.76)d | 993 | 1.35 (1.21-1.50)d | 1.34 (1.20-1.49)d |
Negative | 11 315 | 1.08 (1.06-1.11)d | 1.07 (1.04-1.09)d | 316 | 1.28 (1.07-1.53)d | 1.27 (1.07-1.52)d | 662 | 1.25 (1.12-1.41)d | 1.24 (1.10-1.39)d |
Abbreviations: IRR, incidence rate ratio; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder.
The streptococcal test was the rapid antigen diagnostic test for group A β-hemolytic streptococcal throat infections.
Adjusted for sex, age, and calendar year.
Further adjusted for parental educational level, income, marital status, family history of psychiatric disorders, and personal or parental history of autoimmune diseases.
The reference interval did not include 1 [Reference].