Table 1. Patient Characteristics and Insurance Status by State.
| Characteristic | All (N = 2314) |
Washington, DC (n = 1699) |
Maryland (n = 319) |
Virginia (n = 296) |
P Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 52.9 (22.8) | 53.4 (22.5) | 53.8 (23.9) | 52.9 (23.5) | .90 |
| Female, No. (%) | 773 (33.4) | 589 (34.7) | 94 (29.5) | 90 (30.4) | .10 |
| ISS, mean (SD)b | 6.5 (5.0) | 7.1 (6.0) | 8.1 (6.8) | 8.0 (6.6) | .02 |
| AIS for head, mean (SD)c | 0.76 (1.0) | 0.91 (1.25) | 1.09 (1.50) | 1.02 (1.28) | .14 |
| AIS for pelvis, mean (SD)c | 0.76 (1.1) | 0.76 (1.10) | 0.67 (1.07) | 0.72 (1.03) | .40 |
| Penetrating injury, No. (%) | 250 (10.8) | 191 (11.2) | 33 (10.3) | 26 (8.8) | .44 |
| Insurance type, No. (%) | |||||
| Medicaid | 923 (39.9) | 840 (49.4) | 59 (18.5) | 24 (8.1) | <.001 |
| Medicare | 954 (41.2) | 669 (39.4) | 154 (48.3) | 131 (44.3) | |
| Uninsured | 437 (18.9) | 190 (11.2) | 106 (33.2) | 141 (47.6) | |
| SES score, mean (SD)d | 39.5 (26.2) | 32.6 (26.0) | 56.8 (14.8) | 63.9 (10.8) | <.001 |
| Below the FPL, mean (SD), % | 20.4 (14.0) | 24.5 (13.8) | 7.6 (5.5) | 9.2 (5.3) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: AIS, Abbreviated Injury Score; FPL, federal poverty level; ISS, Injury Severity Score; SES, socioeconomic status.
a
Calculated using the 2-tailed t test for age; the χ2 test for sex, penetrating injury, and insurance type; and a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test for AIS and ISS.
b
Scores range from 0 to 75, with higher scores indicating greater severity.
c
Scores range from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater severity.
d
Calculated as described in the Methods section with a range of 0 (lowest SES) to 100 (highest SES).