Table 2. Location of Death and Care Received in the Final 6 Months of Lifea.
| Variable | Long-standing Residents (n = 919 499) |
Recent Immigrants (n = 47 514) |
Absolute Difference in Percentage Points (95% CI) | Unadjusted Relative Risk (95% CI) | Adjusted Relative Risk (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location of death, No. (%) | |||||
| ICU | 92 270 (10) | 7410 (16) | 5.6 (5.2 to 5.9) | 1.55 (1.52 to 1.59) | 1.30 (1.27 to 1.32) |
| Acute care hospital (not ICU) | 317 830 (35) | 17 273 (36) | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.2) | 1.05 (1.04 to 1.06) | 1.06 (1.05 to 1.09) |
| Long-term care facility | 73 628 (8) | 3608 (8) | –0.4 (–0.2 to –0.6) | 0.95 (0.92 to 0.98) | 0.92 (0.88 to 0.95) |
| Other (including home) | 435 771 (47) | 19 223 (41) | –6.9 (–6.5 to –7.4) | 0.85 (0.84 to 0.86) | 0.89 (0.88 to 0.90) |
| Care received in final 6 mo, No. (%) | |||||
| Hospital admission | 626 739 (68) | 34 261 (72) | 3.9 (3.5 to 4.3) | 1.06 (1.05 to 1.06) | 1.04 (1.04 to 1.06) |
| ICU admission | 176 417 (19) | 11 840 (25) | 5.7 (5.3 to 6.1) | 1.30 (1.28 to 1.32) | 1.16 (1.15 to 1.19) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 125 246 (14) | 10 227 (22) | 7.9 (7.5 to 8.3) | 1.60 (1.54 to 1.66) | 1.28 (1.25 to 1.30) |
| Dialysis | 31 639 (3) | 2615 (6) | 2.1 (1.9 to 2.3) | 1.58 (1.55 to 1.61) | 1.39 (1.33 to 1.45) |
| Percutaneous feeding tube | 27 438 (3) | 2627 (6) | 2.5 (2.3 to 2.8) | 1.85 (1.78 to 1.93) | 1.51 (1.45 to 1.59) |
| Tracheostomy | 9978 (1) | 1091 (2) | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.4) | 2.12 (1.99 to 2.25) | 1.61 (1.51 to 1.72) |
| Care episodes in final 6 mo, median (IQR)b | |||||
| Hospital admission length, dc | 6 (0-19) | 7 (0-22) | |||
| Hospital admissions, No.c | 1 (0-2) | 1 (0-2) | |||
| ICU admission length, dc | 0 (0-0) | 0 (0-0) | |||
| ICU admissions, No.c | 0 (0-0) | 0 (0-0) | |||
| Emergency department visits, No.d | 1 (1-2) | 1 (1-2) |
Abbreviation: ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range.
Each relative risk calculated in binary fashion, eg, death in ICU compared with death in all other locations. Exposure variables in modified Poisson regression analyses: age, sex, income quintile, urbanization of place of living, date of death, and cause of death (categories: cancer, cardiovascular, sepsis, and other). This table shows the outcome data in absolute and percentage form, with unadjusted relative risk and adjusted relative risk based on modified Poisson regression showing the magnitude and significance of any differences. Positive absolute percentage differences indicate increased percentage of recent immigrants as compared with long-standing residents.
Care episode data show the median and interquartile range for the number of emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and ICU admissions per decedent, as well as the median and interquartile range of the duration of hospital and ICU admission per decedent.
Between-group comparison, P < .001.
Between-group comparison, P = .15.