Table 1. Outline of the Educational Intervention.

Multidisciplinary Team Traininga	Training Activity	Training Objective
Orientiation (1 h)	Participant and faculty introductions		Orienting participants to simulation room (monitors, displays, equipment and medications available, capabilities, and the limitations of patient simulator) Completion of teamwork self-efficacy survey by study participants (completed by either a surgical resident or expert surgeon)	Review CRM checklist to make learning objectives and expected behaviors and attitudes visible for learners and faculty members Review Plus/Delta method of constructive critique
Session 1 (1 h)	Blunt trauma scenario, liver injury (10-15 min)		During scenario, a surgical faculty member completes NOTECHS and Trauma Management Skills scoring system while observing residents. CRM checklist completed by CRM leader before debriefing. Debriefing (45 min): Team members offer reactions and feelings; faculty instructor clarifies clinical situation; participants share plusses and deltas; faculty instructor leads debriefing session by CRM checklist objectives; lessons summarized and generalized
Session 2 (1 h)	Blunt trauma scenario, spleen injury (10-15 min)		During scenario, a surgical faculty member completes NOTECHS and Trauma Management Skills scoring system while observing residents. CRM checklist completed by CRM leader before debriefing. Debriefing (45 min): Team members offer reactions and feelings; faculty instructor clarifies clinical situation; participants share Plusses and Deltas; faculty instructor leads debriefing session by CRM checklist objectives; final summary and lessons learned; completion of teamwork self-efficacy survey and participant feedback questionnaire by study participant (surgical resident or expert surgeon); completion of course evaluations
After the conclusion of the training exercise	NA		A second surgical faculty member completes NOTECHS and Trauma Management Skills scoring system while observing the video recording of the 2 sessions.
Simulation Sessions (21 Total Training Sessions)
Training Session	Simulated Patient: SimMan (Control)		Simulated Patient: SAST Mannequin	Simulated Patient: Deceased Donor
2-Session training sequence	1. Liver injury scenario 2. Splenic injury scenario		1. Liver injury scenario 2. Splenic injury scenario	1. Liver injury scenario 2. Splenic injury scenario
Teams with midlevel surgical residents (PGY 2 and PGY 3), No.	5		5	5
Teams with expert surgeons, No.	2		2	2

Abbreviations: CRM, crisis resource management; NA, not applicable; NOTECHS, Nontechnical Skills assessment; PGY, postgraduate year; SAST, Synthetic Anatomy for Surgical Tasks.

^aA blunt abdominal trauma with an exsanguinating injury requiring surgical control of bleeding.