Table 3. Comparison of GSH-I and CBT on Primary and Secondary Outcomes Using the Intention-to-Treat Sample Without Imputations at End of Treatment and by 6-Month Follow-up .
| Outcome | End of Treatment (n = 162) |
6-Month Follow-up (n = 150) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GSH-I (n = 77) |
CBT (n = 85) |
Adjusted Effect Estimate for CBT (95% CI)a | P Value | GSH-I (n = 70) |
CBT (n = 80) |
Adjusted Effect Estimate for CBT (95% CI)a | P Value | |
| Primary outcome: OBE days, mean (SD) | 3.9 (5.5) | 2.0 (4.1) | 0.41 (0.26 to 0.64)b | <.001 | 5.3 (6.9) | 2.8 (5.2) | 0.36 (0.23 to 0.55)b | <.001 |
| Secondary outcomes, No./total patients (%) | ||||||||
| Abstinence from binge eating | 27/76 (36) | 52/85 (61) | 3.29 (1.68 to 6.43)c | <.001 | 26/68 (38) | 46/79 (58) | 2.54 (1.25 to 5.15)c | .01 |
| BED full diagnosis | 35/72 (49) | 24/83 (29) | 0.33 (0.15 to 0.69)c | .004 | 20/66 (30) | 20/78 (26) | 0.71 (0.30 to 1.64)c | .42 |
| Eating Disorder Examination score, mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Global | 2.0 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.2) | −0.22 (−0.48 to 0.04) | .10 | 2.0 (1.2) | 1.7 (1.1) | −0.40 (−0.68 to −0.13) | .005 |
| Restraint | 1.4 (1.4) | 1.5 (1.4) | 0.01 (−0.38 to 0.39) | .97 | 1.6 (1.4) | 1.3 (1.3) | −0.34 (−0.75 to 0.06) | .10 |
| Eating concern | 1.1 (1.2) | 0.9 (1.1) | −0.17 (−0.46 to 0.14) | .29 | 1.1 (1.3) | 0.9 (1.1) | −0.23 (−0.55 to 0.08) | .15 |
| Shape concern | 2.9 (1.6) | 2.6 (1.6) | −0.36 (−0.72 to 0.00) | .06 | 2.8 (1.5) | 2.4 (1.5) | −0.50 (−0.88 to −0.12) | .01 |
| Weight concern | 2.6 (1.5) | 2.3 (1.5) | −0.36 (−0.71 to −0.01) | .04 | 2.5 (1.4) | 2.1 (1.5) | −0.53 (−0.90 to −0.16) | .005 |
| BMI,d mean (SD) | 32.9 (3.9) | 34.2 (4.5) | −0.08 (−0.50 to 0.34) | .69 | 33.1 (4.2) | 33.5 (4.6) | −0.41 (−0.85 to 0.03) | .07 |
| Mental comorbidity | ||||||||
| Affective disorders, No./total patients (%) | 21/69 (30) | 16/85 (19) | 0.58 (0.26 to 1.30)c | .19 | 15/61 (25) | 18/76 (24) | 1.03 (0.43 to 2.45)c | .95 |
| BDI-II, mean (SD) | 11.7 (12.4) | 9.0 (10.8) | −1.42 (−3.70 to 0.87) | .23 | 10.0 (11.9) | 9.0 (10.0) | 0.28 (−2.11 to 2.67) | .67 |
| Anxiety disorders, No./total patients (%) | 9/69 (13) | 16/85 (19) | 1.47 (0.59 to 3.70)c | .41 | 9/61 (15) | 18/76 (18) | 1.13 (0.42 to 3.04)c | .81 |
| RSES score, mean (SD) | 20.4 (8.3) | 21.5 (6.9) | 0.74 (−0.98 to 2.44) | .40 | 21.4 (7.9) | 22.1 (7.1) | −0.10 (−1.68 to 1.86) | .92 |
| Quality of life | ||||||||
| IWQOL-Lite score, mean (SD) | 65.8 (25.6) | 63.8 (22.6) | −3.30 (−8.80 to 2.22) | .25 | 61.8 (26.3) | 59.5 (24.1) | −4.01 (−9.68 to 1.68) | .17 |
| CIA score, mean (SD) | 12.1 (10.9) | 11.9 (11.1) | 0.04 (−2.53 to 2.64) | .97 | 11.9 (11.5) | 10.5 (10.9) | −1.02 (−3.72 to 1.70) | .47 |
Abbreviations: BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory II; BED, binge eating disorder; BMI, body mass index; CBT, cognitive behavioral therapy; CIA, Clinical Impairment Assessment; GSH-I, internet-based guided self-help; IWQOL-Lite, Impact of Weight on Quality of Life–Lite; OBE, objective binge eating, RSES, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.
a
Effects are adjusted for baseline values of age and sex (fixed effects), OBE days, BMI, BDI-II score, and Eating Disorder Examination–Interview global score; the individual patient and the study center were incorporated as random intercepts.
b
Adjusted multiplicative effects from negative binomial model.
c
Adjusted odds ratios.
d
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.