Table 1. Univariate Analysis of Preoperative Patient Variables .
| Preoperative Variable | Surgery, No. (%) | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elective (n = 130 235) |
Urgent (n = 20 816)a |
Emergency (n = 22 592) |
||
| Age group, y | ||||
| <65 | 91 732 (70.4) | 14 281 (68.6) | 16 911 (74.9) | <.001 |
| 65-75 | 24 829 (19.1) | 3323 (16.0) | 2904 (12.9) | <.001 |
| 75-85 | 11 524 (8.9)b | 2432 (11.7) | 2085 (9.2)b | <.001 |
| ≥85 | 2150 (1.7) | 780 (3.8) | 692 (3.1) | <.001 |
| Female sex | 78 522 (60.3) | 11 371 (54.6) | 11 739 (52.0) | <.001 |
| BMI classification | ||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 2834 (2.2) | 1407 (6.8) | 2335 (10.3) | <.001 |
| Normal weight (18.5-24.9) | 31 325 (24.1) | 5824 (28.0) | 6673 (29.5) | <.001 |
| Overweight (25.0-29.9) | 37 537 (28.8)b | 5930 (28.5)b | 6451 (28.6)b | .48 |
| Obese | ||||
| I (30.0-34.9) | 25 069 (19.3) | 3859 (18.5) | 3735 (16.5) | <.001 |
| II (35.0-39.9) | 14 422 (11.1) | 2025 (9.7) | 1793 (7.9) | <.001 |
| III (≥40.0) | 19 048 (14.6) | 1771 (8.5) | 1605 (7.1) | <.001 |
| Independent functional status | 128 475 (98.7) | 19 488 (93.6) | 21 546 (95.4) | <.001 |
| ASA classification | ||||
| Class 1 | 9461 (7.3) | 1681 (8.1) | 4329 (19.2) | <.001 |
| Class 2 | 63 870 (49.0) | 8306 (39.9)b | 9075 (40.2)b | <.001 |
| Class 3 | 53 475 (41.1) | 8887 (42.7) | 6314 (28.0) | <.001 |
| Class 4 | 3429 (2.6) | 1942 (9.3) | 2874 (12.7) | <.001 |
| Class 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Chronic corticosteroid use | 5338 (4.1) | 1365 (6.6) | 1064 (4.7) | <.001 |
| Ascites | 314 (0.2) | 315 (1.5) | 462 (2.0) | <.001 |
| Presence of sepsis | ||||
| SIRS | 802 (0.6) | 2481 (11.9) | 3848 (17.0) | <.001 |
| Sepsis | 290 (0.2) | 1587 (7.6) | 3449 (15.3) | <.001 |
| Septic shock | 46 (0.04) | 163 (0.8) | 962 (4.3) | <.001 |
| Ventilator dependence | 35 (0.03) | 174 (0.8) | 473 (2.1) | <.001 |
| Disseminated cancer | 3843 (3.0) | 982 (4.7) | 589 (2.6) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Type 1 | 6979 (5.4)b | 1644 (7.9) | 1198 (5.3)b | <.001 |
| Type 2 | 12 419 (9.5) | 1727 (8.3) | 1390 (6.2) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 56 683 (43.5) | 8702 (41.8) | 7498 (33.2) | <.001 |
| Cardiovascular event | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Congestive heart failure | 341 (0.3) | 346 (1.7) | 267 (1.2) | <.001 |
| Dyspnea | 8664 (6.7)b | 1335 (6.4)b | 1189 (5.3) | <.001 |
| Current smoker | 20 901 (16.1) | 4349 (20.9)b | 4627 (20.5)b | <.001 |
| COPD | 4284 (3.3) | 1169 (5.6) | 1055 (4.7) | <.001 |
| Hemodialysis dependent | 1344 (1.0) | 512 (2.5) | 353 (1.6) | <.001 |
| Acute renal failure | 158 (0.1) | 142 (0.7) | 288 (1.3) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NA, not applicable; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
a
Urgent surgery is defined in the Patients and Variables subsection of the Methods section.
b
Denotes no significant difference among identified groups on multiple comparison (P > .05).