Table 1. Total Study Population Demographics.
| Variable | PTOS (2003-2015) (n = 461 974) | NTDB (2003-2014) (n = 5 755 095) | NIS (2003-2013) (n = 24 449 476) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VCF | No VCF | VCF | No VCF | VCF | No VCF | |
| Total, No./total No. (%) | 11 405/461 974 (2.5) | 450 569/461 974 (97.5) | 71 029/5 755 095 (1.2) | 5 684 066/5 755 095 (98.8) | 189 957/24 449 476 (0.8) | 24 259 519/24 449 476 (99.2) |
| VCF placement, No./total No. (%) | ||||||
| Prophylactic | 10 676/11 405 (93.6) | NA | 66 413/71 029 (93.5) |
NA | 177 217/189 957 (93.3) |
NA |
| Therapeutic | 729/11 405 (6.4) | NA | 4616/71 029 (6.5) |
NA | 12 740/189 957 (6.7) |
NA |
| PE, No./total No. (%) | 869/2088 (41.6) | 1219/2088 (58.4) | 4656/15 857 (29.2) | 11 201/15 857 (70.8) | 35 296/154 051 (22.9) | 118 755/154 051 (77.1) |
| PE predictor, No./total No. (%) | ||||||
| Obesity | 1279/24 643 (5.2) | 23 364/24 643 (94.8) | 586/15 400 (3.8) | 14 814/15 400 (96.2) |
8292/1 055 435 (0.8) | 1 047 143/1 055 435 (99.2) |
| Pregnancy | 25/1341 (1.9) | 1316/1341 (98.1) | 14/2744 (0.5) | 2730/2744 (99.5) | 5/1478 (0.3) | 1473/1478 (99.7) |
| Cancer | 224/5847 (3.8) | 5603/5847 (96.2) | 90/4011 (2.2) | 3921/4011 (97.8) | 7194/592 357 (1.2) | 585 163/592 357 (98.8) |
| Deep vein thrombosis | 2384/5784 (41.2) | 3400/5784 (58.8) | 1782/4689 (38.0) | 2907/4689 (62.0) | 67 458/273 729 (24.6) | 206 271/273 729 (75.4) |
| Major procedure | 4350/35 203 (12.4) | 30 853/35 203 (87.6) | 28 935/304 250 (9.5) | 275 315/304 250 (90.5) | 39 557/276 304 (14.3) | 236 747/276 304 (85.7) |
| Spinal cord paralysis | 366/1098 (33.3) | 732/1098 (66.7) | 842/4317 (19.5) | 3475/4317 (80.5) | 695/3510 (19.8) | 2815/3510 (80.2) |
| Venous injury | 210/565 (8.2) | 2355/2565 (91.8) | 1398/25 404 (5.5) | 24 006/25 404 (94.5) | 3854/74 461 (5.2) | 70 607/74 461 (94.8) |
| Lower extremity fracture | 4259/95 773 (4.5) | 91 514/95 773 (95.6) | 20 062/936 663 (2.1) |
916 601/936 663 (97.9) |
54 856/5 865 895 (0.9) | 5 811 039/5 865 895 (99.1) |
| Pelvic fracture | 3212/33 007 (9.7) | 29 795/33 007 (90.3) | 17 684/316 758 (5.6) |
299 074/316 758 (94.4) |
34 216/1 045 458 (3.3) | 1 011 242/1 045 458 (96.7) |
| Central line | 4398/42 775 (10.3) | 38 377/42 775 (89.7) | 25 789/386 583 (6.7) | 360 794/386 583 (93.3) | 9425/113 533 (8.3) | 104 108/113 533 (91.7) |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 3713/77 055 (4.8) | 73 342/77 055 (95.2) | 19 171/585 319 (3.3) |
566 148/585 319 (96.7) |
36 952/1 303 156 (2.8) | 1 266 204/1 303 156 (97.2) |
| Blood transfusion | 104/1378 (7.6) | 1274/1378 (92.5) | 18 190/281 144 (6.5) | 262 954/281 144 (93.5) | 5398/33 868 (15.9) | 28 470/33 868 (84.1) |
| Trauma mortality prediction model, median (IQR) | 0.13 (0.40) | 0.02 (0.05) | 0.10 (0.20) | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.10) | 0.01 (0.01) |
| Age, mean (95% CI), y | 51.3 (50.9-51.7) | 47.2 (47.1-47.3) | 47.1 (47.0-47.3) | 41.1 (41.1-41.2) | 57.9 (57.8-57.9) | 57.9 (57.6-58.1) |
| Male sex, No./total No. (%) | 7606/284 621 (2.7) | 277 015/284 621 (97.3) | 48 821/3 666 504 (1.3) | 3 617 683/3 666 504 (98.7) | 113 714/12 160 231 (0.9) | 12 046 517/12 160 231 (99.4) |
| Race/ethnicity, No./total No. (%) | ||||||
| White | 9276/357 198 (2.6) | 347 922/357 198 (97.4) | 50 960/3 873 011 (1.3) | 3 822 051/3 873 011 (98.7) | 113 786/14 725 652 (0.8) | 14 611 866/14 725 652 (99.2) |
| Black | 1442/66 180 (2.2) | 64 738/66 180 (97.8) | 10 322/870 307 (1.2) |
859 985/870 307 (98.8) |
19 734/1 987 139 (1.0) | 1 967 405/1 987 139 (99.0) |
| Hispanic | NA | NA | 5605/633 946 (0.9) |
628 341/633 946 (99.1) |
14 696/1 881 988 (0.8) | 1 867 292/1 881 988 (99.2) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 85/370 (2.0) | 4285/4370 (98.0) | 873/95 306 (0.9) | 94 469/95 306 (99.1) | 2230/330 935 (0.7) | 328 705/330 935 (99.3) |
| Native American | NA | NA | 416/44 249 (1.0) | 43 834/44 249 (99.1) | 798/133 294 (0.6) | 132 496/133 294 (99.4) |
| Other or unknown | 602/34 226 (1.8) | 33 624/34 226 (98.2) | 2889/238 275 (1.1) |
235 386/238 275 (98.9) |
38 713/5 390 468 (0.7) | 5 351 755/5 390 468 (99.3) |
| Mechanism of injury, No./total No. (%) | ||||||
| Penetrating | 630/35 553 (1.8) | 34 923/35 553 (98.3) | 4178/472 502 (0.9) | 468 324/472 502 (99.1) | 4635/630 364 (0.7) | 625 729/360 364 (99.3) |
| Blunt | 10 629/404 352 (2.6) | 393 723/404 352 (97.4) | 65 499/5 003 040 (1.3) | 4 937 541/5 003 040 (98.7) | 116 401/13 573 069 (0.9) | 13 456 668/13 573 069 (99.1) |
| Neither | 146/22 069 (0.7) | 21 923/22 069 (99.3) | 1352/279 553 (0.5) |
278 201/279 553 (99.5) |
68 921/10 246 043 (0.7) | 10 177 122/10 246 043 (99.3) |
| Length of stay, median (IQR), d | 16 (16) | 3 (4) | 19 (20) | 3 (5) | NA | NA |
| Died, No./total No. (%) | 954/22 369 (4.3) | 21 415/22 369 (95.7) | 3917/121 573 (3.2) | 117 656/121 573 (96.8) | 12 836/623 227 (2.1) | 610 391/623 227 (97.9) |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; NIS, National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample; NTDB, National Trauma Data Bank; PE, pulmonary embolism; PTOS, Pennsylvania Trauma Outcome Study; VCF, vena cava filter.