Table 2. Characteristics of Patients With Polyneuropathy Based on Duration of Opioid Use.
| Characteristic | Duration of Opioid Use | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| <90 d (n = 1452) |
≥90 d (n = 541) |
||
| Duration of consecutive opioids, median (IQR), d | 17 (8-34) | 228 (133-392) | <.001b |
| Age, median (range), y | 69 (3-101) | 70 (26-98) | .13b |
| Female sex, No. (%) | 674 (46.4) | 308 (56.9) | <.001 |
| Nonopioid analgesic prescriptions, No. (%) | |||
| α2Δ antagonist | 456 (31.4) | 335 (61.9) | <.001 |
| Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor | 161 (11.1) | 129 (23.8) | <.001 |
| Tricyclic antidepressant | 218 (15.0) | 162 (29.9) | <.001 |
| Topical analgesics | 156 (10.7) | 148 (27.4) | <.001 |
| Any nonopioid analgesic | 670 (46.1) | 430 (79.5) | <.001 |
| Charlson Cormorbidity Index comorbidities, No. (%) | |||
| Myocardial infarction | 339 (23.3) | 173 (32.0) | <.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 469 (32.3) | 258 (47.7) | <.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 741 (51.0) | 336 (62.1) | <.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 525 (36.2) | 241 (44.5) | <.001 |
| Dementia | 265 (18.3) | 123 (22.7) | .03 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 871 (60.0) | 374 (69.1) | <.001 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 260 (17.9) | 160 (29.6) | <.001 |
| Mild liver disease | 359 (24.7) | 162 (29.9) | .02 |
| Types 1 and 2 diabetes | 795 (54.8) | 367 (67.8) | <.001 |
| Types 1 and 2 diabetes with end-organ complications | 642 (44.2) | 300 (55.5) | <.001 |
| Paralysis | 131 (9.0) | 49 (9.1) | .98 |
| Renal disease | 501 (34.5) | 268 (49.5) | <.001 |
| Severe liver disease | 70 (4.8) | 41 (7.6) | .02 |
| Metastatic cancer | 191 (13.2) | 66 (12.2) | .57 |
| AIDS | 4 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | .71 |
| Rheumatologic disease | 174 (12.0) | 105 (19.4) | <.001 |
| Nonmetastatic cancer, No. (%) | 684 (47.1) | 251 (46.4) | .77 |
| Lower limb complications, No. (%) | |||
| Ulcers | 300 (20.7) | 151 (27.9) | <.001 |
| Amputations | 73 (5.0) | 29 (5.4) | .77 |
| Neuroma, bunion, and toe deformity | 46 (3.2) | 19 (3.5) | .70 |
| Ankle fusions | 10 (0.7) | 5 (0.9) | .60 |
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.
a
Determined by use of the χ2 test.
b
Determined by use of the Wilcoxon rank sum test.