Table 3. Association of All Retinopathy of Prematurity With Preeclampsia and Covariates in the Full Cohort and P-VLBW Subcohort.
| Covariates | Total Effect of Preeclampsia in the Full Cohort (N = 290 992) |
Direct Effect of Preeclampsia in the P-VLBW Subcohort (N = 2015) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR (95% CI) | P Value | aOR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Preeclampsia | 6.07 (4.72-7.79) | <.001 | 0.62 (0.46-0.85) | .003 |
| Birth weight (per 10 g)a | NA | NA | 0.97 (0.96-0.97) | <.001 |
| Gestational age, wka | NA | NA | 0.72 (0.67-0.78) | <.001 |
| Maternal age, y | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) | .37 | 1.01 (0.99-1.04) | .27 |
| Infant sex, male (ref = female) | 1.21 (1.02-1.44) | .030 | 1.49 (1.14-1.94) | .004 |
| Multiple gestations | 7.90 (6.04-10.35) | <.001 | 0.83 (0.59-1.15) | .26 |
| Maternal race/ethnicity (ref = white) | ||||
| Black | 1.77 (0.78-4.02) | .18 | 0.32 (0.10-1.00) | .051 |
| Asian, Pacific Islander, or American Indian | 1.02 (0.58-1.79) | .96 | 1.15 (0.60-2.21) | .67 |
| Hispanic | 1.43 (1.11-1.83) | .005 | 1.24 (0.88-1.75) | .22 |
| Other or unknown | 0.99 (0.64-1.55) | .97 | 0.46 (0.24-0.86) | .015 |
| Alcohol use | 2.27 (1.51-3.42) | <.001 | 1.24 (0.72-2.14) | .43 |
| Tobacco exposure | 1.75 (1.30-2.35) | <.001 | 0.79 (0.52-1.20) | .27 |
| Substance abuse | 4.97 (2.75-8.98) | <.001 | 2.02 (0.99-4.12) | .053 |
Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; NA, not applicable; P-VLBW, preterm very low-birth-weight; Ref, reference; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity.
a
Birth weight and gestational age were included as covariates in the regression model for the direct effect of preeclampsia in the P-VLBW cohort but not in the regression model for the total effect of preeclampsia in the full cohort.