Table 1. Weighted Sample Characteristicsa.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | Fb | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 162 691) |
No ECT (n = 160 205) |
ECT (n = 2486) |
|||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 46.1 (16.6) | 45.9 (16.5) | 56.8 (16.5) | 1024.5 | <.001 |
| Women | 90 655 (54.4) | 89 038 (54.2) | 1617 (65.0) | 112.1 | <.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 107 152 (62.4) | 105 031 (62.1) | 2121 (85.3) | 989.9 | <.001 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 21 715 (15.8) | 21 632 (16.0) | 83 (3.3) | 1034.0 | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 18 376 (10.4) | 18 254 (10.5) | 122 (4.9) | 152.4 | <.001 |
| Other | 15 448 (11.4) | 15 288 (11.4) | 160 (6.4) | 96.0 | <.001 |
| Diagnosis group | |||||
| MDD | 68 287 (32.5) | 66 700 (32.0) | 1587 (63.8) | 507.0 | <.001 |
| Bipolar disorder | 65 961 (39.9) | 65 239 (40.0) | 722 (29.0) | 1056.0 | <.001 |
| Schizoaffective disorder | 28 443 (27.6) | 28 266 (28.0) | 177 (7.1) | 396.8 | <.001 |
| Substance use disorder | 64 265 (34.4) | 63 812 (34.7) | 453 (18.2) | 425.9 | <.001 |
| Medical comorbidityc | 39 978 (26.7) | 39 201 (26.6) | 777 (31.3) | 24.0 | <.001 |
| Length of stay, mean (SD), d | 20.6 (20.1) | 20.6 (20.1) | 20.7 (19.4) | 0.3 | .87 |
| Source of paymentd | |||||
| Private insurance | 48 633 (22.0) | 48 137 (21.7) | 979 (39.4) | 317.3 | <.001 |
| Medicare | 47 884 (39.5) | 46 982 (39.4) | 1223 (49.2) | 92.2 | <.001 |
| Medicaid | 38 531 (25.3) | 38 668 (25.6) | 186 (7.5) | 1050.2 | <.001 |
| Other insurance | 11 950 (5.9) | 12 024 (5.9) | 67 (2.7) | 92.9 | <.001 |
| Uninsured | 15 693 (7.3) | 16 018 (7.4) | 31 (1.2) | 634.0 | <.001 |
| Hospital type | |||||
| Urban, medium or large | 99 714 (67.7) | 98 235 (67.8) | 1479 (59.5) | 68.7 | <.001 |
| Urban, small | 44 771 (22.8) | 43 996 (22.3) | 775 (31.2) | 81.6 | <.001 |
| Nonurban | 15 173 (7.7) | 14 949 (7.6) | 224 (9.0) | 5.5 | .02 |
| Unknown location | 3033 (1.8) | 3025 (1.9) | 8 (0.3) | 155.4 | <.001 |
| Hospital delivers any inpatient ECT | 63 677 (40.8) | 61 191 (39.9) | 2486 (100) | NA | |
Abbreviations: ECT, electroconvulsive therapy; MDD, major depressive disorder; NA, not applicable.
a
Methods section describes the weighting procedure.
b
Indicates survey design–adjusted test statistics with df1 = 1, df2 = 162 672.
c
Equals 1 if the patient had an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis code in any position for intracranial lesions, masses, inflammation, infection, or hemorrhage; hemorrhagic stroke; myocardial infarction; dysrhythmias; malfunctioning cardiac device; valvular disease; heart failure; epilepsy; dementia; and other contraindications to anesthesia; for other categories, comorbidity equals 0.
d
Primary source of payment for index inpatient stay.