Table 2. Outcomes for Full Samplea.
| Outcome | Study Group | Adjusted Measure of Association (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PSE Intervention (n = 105) |
Usual Head Start Services (n = 118) |
||
| Change in Social Problem Solving Inventory scores from baseline to 6 mo, mean (SD) | |||
| Totalb | 0.58 (2.06) | 0.24 (2.17) | Adjusted difference, 0.31 (−0.25 to 0.87) |
| Positive problem orientation subscalec | 0.03 (0.83) | −0.14 (0.90) | Adjusted difference, 0.17 (−0.07 to 0.40) |
| Rational problem-solving subscaled | −0.03 (0.80) | −0.20 (0.88) | Adjusted difference, 0.18 (−0.05 to 0.40) |
| Depressive symptoms and MDE | |||
| Rate of moderately severe symptom spikese | 0.17 (0.28) | 0.28 (0.35) | aIRR, 0.60 (0.41 to 0.90) |
| Rate of more severe symptom spikesf | 0.08 (0.18) | 0.11 (0.22) | aIRR, 0.51 (0.29 to 0.90) |
| Met criteria for MDE during the 12-mo follow-up, No. (%) | 25/102 (24.5) | 32/110 (29.1) | aOR, 0.70 (0.37 to 1.32) |
| Met criteria for MDE during the final study month, No. (%) | 6/102 (5.9) | 12/110 (10.9) | aOR, 0.43 (0.15 to 1.25) |
Abbreviations: aIRR, adjusted incident rate ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; MDE, major depressive episode; PSE, problem-solving education; QIDS, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms.
Includes 223 participants. All models adjusted for Head Start site and baseline QIDS.
Change scores range from −5.2 to 6.2, with higher scores indicating more positive change.
Change scores range from −2.4 to 2.4, with higher scores indicating more positive change.
Change scores range from −2.6 to 2.4, with higher scores indicating more positive change.
The mean (SD) number of moderately severe depressive symptom spikes (QIDS score ≥11) in the PSE group was 0.84 (1.39) compared with 1.12 (1.47) in the usual service group.
The mean (SD) number of more severe spikes in the PSE group (QIDS score ≥14) was 0.45 (1.01) compared with 0.61 (1.17) in the usual service group.