Table 1. Patient Participant Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by Intervention Statusa.
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 985) |
Intervention (n = 586) |
Control (n = 399) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 54.7 (11.5) | 54.4 (11.51) | 55.25 (11.47) | .25 |
| Female | 466 (47.3) | 287 (49.0) | 179 (44.9) | .20 |
| Race or ethnic group | .78 | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 512 (52.0) | 305 (52.1) | 207 (51.9) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 361 (36.7) | 219 (37.4) | 142 (35.6) | |
| Hispanic | 91 (9.2) | 51 (8.7) | 40 (10.0) | |
| Other | 21 (2.1) | 11 (1.9) | 10 (2.5) | |
| Risk factorsb | ||||
| Age <45 years | 175 (17.8) | 107 (18.3) | 68 (17.0) | .62 |
| Alcohol use diagnosis | 120 (12.2) | 76 (13.0) | 44 (11.0) | .36 |
| Drug use diagnosis | 157 (15.9) | 82 (14.0) | 76 (18.8) | .04 |
| Mental health diagnosis | 611 (62.0) | 346 (59.0) | 265 (66.4) | .02 |
| Tobacco use | 415 (42.1) | 237 (40.4) | 178 (44.6) | .19 |
| English speaking | 914 (92.8) | 552 (94.2) | 362 (90.7) | .04 |
| Primary insurancec | .54 | |||
| Medicaid | 442 (44.9) | 255 (43.5) | 187 (46.9) | |
| Medicare | 296 (30.1) | 181 (31.4) | 112 (28.1) | |
| Private | 146 (14.8) | 90 (15.4) | 56 (14.0) | |
| Other | 101 (10.3) | 57 (9.7) | 44 (11.0) | |
| MEDD, mgd | .27 | |||
| 0 | 21 (2.1) | 16 (2.7) | 5 (1.3) | |
| >0 to <50 | 649 (65.9) | 392 (66.9) | 257 (64.4) | |
| 50-100 | 167 (17.0) | 93 (15.9) | 74 (18.6) | |
| >100 | 148 (15.0) | 85 (14.5) | 63 (15.8) |
Abbreviations: MEDD, morphine equivalent daily dose.
a
Unless otherwise noted, data are reported as number (percentage) of patient participants.
b
Opioid misuse risk factors identified through billing codes in the electronic health record.
c
Other types of insurance include Massachusetts insurance program for the uninsured, uninsured, and missing.
d
Mean MEDD within 30 days prior to start of the intervention.