Table 3. Patient-Level Secondary Outcomes at 12 Months by Intervention Status^a.

Variable	Baseline			Follow-up
	Intervention (n = 586)	Control (n = 399)	P Value	Intervention (n = 586)	Control (n = 399)	P Value	AOR (95% CI)
Discontinuation of opioid prescriptionb	NA	NA	NA	125 (21.3)	67 (16.8)	.08	1.5 (1.0-2.1)
Opioid dose reductionc,d	NA	NA	NA	151 (32.8)	76 (22.9)	.002	1.6 (1.1-2.4)e
Opioid dose reductionc,d or discontinuationb	NA	NA	NA	276 (47.1)	143 (35.8)	<.001	1.6 (1.3-2.1)e
MEDD, mean (SD), mgd,e	61.1 (84.9)	62.3 (75.6)	.84	60.8 (93.7)	67.3 (80.4)	.31	−6.8 (1.6)f,g

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; MEDD, morphine equivalent daily dose; NA, not applicable; SE, standard error.

^aUnless otherwise noted, data are reported as number (percentage) of patient participants. Analyses included patients with complete information on active opioid prescriptions within 60 days prior to the start date of the intervention. Analyses adjusted for drug use diagnosis, mental health problems, English-speaking, and baseline levels of outcome measures.

^bDefinition of discontinuation: if the last day of the prescription (accounting for the days of supply) falls within 300th day after the start of the intervention, the prescription has been discontinued.

^c10% reduction in MEDD; this compares MEDD in the 30 days prior to the start of the intervention with the last 30 days of the 12-month follow-up of patients receiving opioids in those time periods.

^dThis measure excludes patients who discontinued opioid treatment (n = 192): TOPCARE (n = 461), e-tools only (n = 332).

^eThis measure compares the mean MEDD 30 days prior to the start of the intervention to the last 30 days of the 12-month follow-up of patients receiving opioids in those time periods.

^fP ≤ .01.

^gβ Coefficient (standard error).