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. 2017 Oct 5;6(11):1–15. doi: 10.1093/gigascience/gix093

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© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 4: — Gene expression in the MVA pathway for ginsenosides in P. ginseng. (a) Possible biosynthesis pathway for ginsenosides with the designated candidate genes. AACT: acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase; HMGS: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase; HMGCoA: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA; HMGR: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; MVK: mevalonate kinase; MVP: mevalonate phosphate; PMK: phosphomevalonate kinase; MVPP: diphosphomevalonate; MVD: mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase; IPP: isopentenyl diphosphate; DMAPP: dimethylallyl diphosphate; IDI: isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase; FPS: farnesyl diphosphate synthase; FPP: farnesyl diphosphate; SS: squalene synthase; SE: squalene epoxidase; β-AS: β-amyrin synthase; DDS: dammarenediol synthase; LAS: lanosterol synthase; CAS: cycloartenol synthase; OAS: oleanolic acid synthase; PPDS: protopanaxadiol synthase; PPTS: protopanaxatriol synthase. (b) Heatmap of the candidate biosynthesis pathway gene expression patterns in 9 organs from P. ginseng.