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. 2017 Dec 6;74(12):1259–1265. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2816

Figure 3. Personality Trajectories Over the Last 2 Assessments Before the Onset of AD Compared With Those With No Cognitive Impairment.

Figure 3.

Changes in neuroticism and conscientiousness for 131 individuals who later developed Alzheimer disease (AD) and 1374 individuals with no cognitive impairment. The AD group was tested an average of 6.44 (time −2) and 3.47 (time −1) years before the onset of the disease. At time −2, the mean (SD) age was 77.58 (7.95) years. The AD group scored higher on neuroticism and lower on conscientiousness before the onset of the disease. Contrary to expectations, the AD group did not increase in neuroticism or decline in conscientiousness in the preclinical phase of the disease.