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. 2017 Jul 25;8(53):91085–91098. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.19555

Figure 1. Orellanine is selectively toxic to human tubular epithelial cells and clear cell renal carcinoma cells.

Figure 1

(A) Viability of HTEC treated for 24 hours with orellanine, normalized to vehicle treated control (n = 6, mean ± SEM). (B) HTEC were exposed to different concentrations of orellanine for 24 hours and their viability was estimated using Alamar Blue technique at 72 hours, n = 6 for each data point. ED50 equals 4.1 ± 1.2 μg/ml. (C) Viability of HTEC, liver cells (HEPG2), breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and HUVEC at 144 hours post 24 hour orellanine treatment (n = 6, mean ± SEM). (D) Viability of orellanine-treated ccRCC cell lines at 144 h, normalized to vehicle-treated controls (n = 6). One of the the two cell lines showing lowest sensitivity in vitro (SKRC-17 ) was chosen for the in vivo experiments. (E) The SKRC-17 cells were exposed to different concentrations of orellanine for 24 hours. The graphs represent repeated incubation at the doses (♦ 4 and ○ 20 μg/ml), single treatment (□ 4 and ▲ 20 μg/ml) and doubling of the incubation time from 24 to 48 hours (■ 20 μg/ml), respectively. (F) Orellanine treatment of primary renal cancer cells obtained from 7 patients with clear cell RCC. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and p-values are determined by one way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test, where p < 0.05 was considered significant, **p < 0.01 ***, p < 0.001.