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. 2017 Dec;23(Suppl 1):S5–S14. doi: 10.3201/eid2313.170946

Table 2. Global Health Security Agenda’s prevent, detect, and respond framework against infectious disease threats and its 11 measurable action packages (14,15).

Steps and actions
Prevent: systems, policies, and procedures to mitigate avoidable outbreaks
Surveillance to guide slowing of antimicrobial resistance
National biosecurity system
Policies and practices that reduce the risk of zoonotic disease transmission
Immunization of 90% of children <1 year of age with >1 dose of measles vaccine
Detect: a national surveillance and laboratory system capable of reliable testing for >5 of 10 core tests relevant to the country’s epidemiologic profile on specimens from disease clusters in >80% of districts
Standardized surveillance for 3 core syndromes
Regional and national interoperable electronic reporting systems
Timely reporting to World Health Organization (WHO), World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
Multidisciplinary public health workforce with ≥1 epidemiologist per 200,000 population
Respond: a national public health Emergency Operations Center capable of activating an emergency response in <2 hours
Trained rapid response teams
Linkages between public health and law enforcement for suspected biologic attacks
National framework to engage international partners during a public health emergency