Steps and actions
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| Prevent: systems, policies, and procedures to mitigate avoidable outbreaks |
| Surveillance to guide slowing of antimicrobial resistance |
| National biosecurity system |
| Policies and practices that reduce the risk of zoonotic disease transmission |
Immunization of 90% of children <1 year of age with >1 dose of measles vaccine
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| Detect: a national surveillance and laboratory system capable of reliable testing for >5 of 10 core tests relevant to the country’s epidemiologic profile on specimens from disease clusters in >80% of districts |
| Standardized surveillance for 3 core syndromes |
| Regional and national interoperable electronic reporting systems |
| Timely reporting to World Health Organization (WHO), World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) |
Multidisciplinary public health workforce with ≥1 epidemiologist per 200,000 population
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| Respond: a national public health Emergency Operations Center capable of activating an emergency response in <2 hours |
| Trained rapid response teams |
| Linkages between public health and law enforcement for suspected biologic attacks |
| National framework to engage international partners during a public health emergency |
