Figure 2.

Proposed postprandial GLP-1 action after bariatric surgery. GLP-1 has a wide array of physiological effects. Some effects that are thought to play a role in responses to bariatric surgery include reductions in (1) food intake and, consequently, weight loss, (2) decreased fasting insulin levels, (3) increased incretin effects (greater GLP-1 leads to greater postprandial insulin), and (4) reduced hepatic glucose production. Both clinical and preclinical work support the role of GLP-1 in increasing postprandial insulin levels. However, it is less clear whether GLP-1 directly affects weight loss and T2DM remission associated with surgery.