Table 4.
Associations between social support and current smoking status
| Models* | Unadjusted |
Adjusted† |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | P Value | 95% CI | OR | P Value | 95% CI | |
| Structural social support | ||||||
| Live with others | 1.01 | 0.97 | 0.55 to 1.86 | 0.79 | 0.51 | 0.39 to 1.60 |
| Married/partnered | 0.87 | 0.60 | 0.51 to 1.48 | 0.91 | 0.76 | 0.48 to 1.71 |
| ≥6 Close friends and relatives | 0.71 | 0.21 | 0.41 to 1.21 | 0.92 | 0.79 | 0.49 to 1.72 |
| Caregiver‡ | ||||||
| No caregiver | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Spouse or partner | 0.32 | 0.02 | 0.12 to 0.82 | 0.52 | 0.25 | 0.17 to 1.59 |
| Other | 0.19 | <0.01 | 0.07 to 0.53 | 0.37 | 0.10 | 0.11 to 1.20 |
| Functional social support: MOSSS scores | ||||||
| Total | 0.99 | <0.01 | 0.98 to 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.03 | 0.98 to 1.00 |
| Emotional and informational | 0.99 | 0.03 | 0.98 to 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.11 | 0.98 to 1.00 |
| Tangible | 0.99 | <0.01 | 0.98 to 0.99 | 0.98 | <0.01 | 0.97 to 1.00 |
| Affectionate | 0.99 | 0.04 | 0.98 to 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.14 | 0.98 to 1.00 |
| Positive social interaction | 0.99 | 0.03 | 0.98 to 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.06 | 0.98 to 1.00 |
Definition of abbreviations: BODE = body mass index, obstruction, dyspnea, exercise; CI = confidence interval; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MOSSS = Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale; OR = odds ratio.
Boldface type indicates values with P < 0.05.
Each social support measure was modeled separately.
Adjusted for age, sex, race, education level, income, employment status, alcohol use, BODE, home oxygen use, Charlson Comorbidity Index, HADS-depression, and HADS-anxiety.
Only year 2 data used for caregiver analyses. Reference group of caregiver was participants without caregiver. Model adjusted for age, sex, income, employment status, BODE, home oxygen use, and Charlson Comorbidity Index.