Table 5.
Associations between social support and pneumococcal vaccination
| Models* | Unadjusted |
Adjusted† |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | P Value | 95% CI | OR | P Value | 95% CI | |
| Structural social support | ||||||
| Live with others | 1.17 | 0.67 | 0.57 to 2.43 | 1.23 | 0.62 | 0.53 to 2.85 |
| Married/partnered | 1.39 | 0.32 | 0.72 to 2.66 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.46 to 2.11 |
| ≥6 Close friends and relatives | 1.60 | 0.17 | 0.82 to 3.16 | 1.26 | 0.57 | 0.57 to 2.77 |
| Caregiver‡ | ||||||
| No caregiver | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Spouse or partner | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.24 to 3.40 | 0.60 | 0.49 | 0.14 to 2.54 |
| Other | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.23 to 3.49 | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.19 to 3.59 |
| Functional social support: MOSSS scores | ||||||
| Total | 1.02 | <0.01 | 1.01 to 1.03 | 1.02 | 0.02 | 1.00 to 1.03 |
| Emotional and informational | 1.02 | <0.01 | 1.01 to 1.03 | 1.02 | <0.01 | 1.01 to 1.03 |
| Tangible | 1.02 | <0.01 | 1.01 to 1.03 | 1.02 | 0.02 | 1.00 to 1.03 |
| Affectionate | 1.01 | <0.01 | 1.01 to 1.02 | 1.01 | 0.04 | 1.00 to 1.02 |
| Positive social interaction | 1.01 | 0.02 | 1.00 to 1.02 | 1.01 | 0.07 | 1.00 to 1.02 |
Definition of abbreviations: BODE = body mass index, obstruction, dyspnea, exercise; CI = confidence interval; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MOSSS = Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale; OR = odds ratio.
Boldface type indicates values with P < 0.05.
Each social support measure was modeled separately.
Adjusted for age, sex, race, education level, income, employment status, alcohol use, BODE, home oxygen use, Charlson Comorbidity Index, HADS-depression, and HADS-anxiety.
Only year 2 data used for caregiver analyses. Reference group of caregiver was participants without caregiver. Model adjusted for age, sex, income, employment status, BODE, home oxygen use, and Charlson Comorbidity Index.