Table 2. Hazard ratios of probable Alzheimer's disease development among participants reporting depression within the last 2 years of baseline.
| Predictor variables | Analytic sample size | Depression—last 2 years Main effects (unadjusted) Hazard ratio (95% CI) | Depression—last 2 years Main effects adjusteda without ε4 carrier status Hazard ratio (95% CI) | Depression last 2 years Main effects adjusted with ε4 carrier status Hazard ratio (95% CI) | Depression last 2 years Main effects adjusted with ε4 carrier status and AD Medication use Hazard ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression—last 2 years | 2083 | 2.42 (1.92–3.04)** | 2.60 (2.05–3.30)** | 2.46 (1.90–3.18)** | 1.52 (1.16–1.99)* |
| Use of antidepressant | 1994 | 1.25 (0.819–1.91) | 1.62 (1.03–2.55)* | 1.83 (1.12–3.07)* | 1.15 (0.90–1.92) |
| Did not use antidepressant | 2.25 (1.61–3.15)** | 2.03 (1.43–2.88)** | 1.71 (1.15–2.55)* | 1.46 (0.978–2.18) | |
| Bupropion use | 293 | 2.01 (0.255–15.76) | 2.65 (0.323–21.74) | 2.25 (0.244–20.72) | 1.70 (0.155–18.71) |
| No bupropion use | 2.44 (1.93–3.09)** | 2.53 (1.98–3.23)** | 2.42 (1.86–3.15)** | 1.50 (1.14–1.99)* | |
| Citalopram use | 358 | 0.876 (0.371–2.07) | 1.60 (0.556–4.63) | 3.14 (0.744–13.23) | 1.74 (0.457–6.64) |
| No citalopram use | 2.27 (1.78–2.91)** | 2.38 (1.84–3.07)** | 2.17 (1.64–2.86)** | 1.40 (1.05–1.88)* | |
| Escitalopram use | 279 | 0.533 (0.204–1.40) | 0.721 (0.269–1.93) | 0.761 (0.251–2.12) | 0.532 (0.170–1.66) |
| No escitalopram use | 2.45 (1.93–3.11)** | 2.61 (2.04–3.34)** | 2.43 (1.86–3.18)** | 1.53 (1.15–2.03)* | |
| Fluoxetine use | 236 | — | — | — | — |
| No fluoxetine use | 2.51 (1.99–3.16)** | 2.65 (2.09–3.37)** | 2.51 (1.94–3.25)** | 1.55 (1.18–2.03)* | |
| Mirtazapine use | 113 | 2.96 (0.374–23.38) | 4.16 (0.456–37.96) | 4.10 (0.408–41.24) | 1.29 (0.120–13.89) |
| No mirtazapine use | 2.31 (1.83–2.93)** | 2.52 (1.92–3.21)** | 2.39 (1.83–3.11)** | 1.54 (1.17–2.04)* | |
| Paroxetine use | 152 | 1.78 (0.213–14.90) | 1.43 (0.156–13.01) | 1.21 (0.127–11.59) | 1.01 (0.097–10.43) |
| No paroxetine use | 2.40 (1.90–3.03)** | 2.57 (2.02–3.27)** | 2.41 (1.85–3.13)** | 1.48 (1.12–1.95)* | |
| Sertraline use | 355 | 1.50 (0.417–5.38) | 2.61 (0.551–12.33) | 3.97 (0.461–34.13) | 2.26 (0.254–20.13) |
| No sertraline use | 2.42 (1.91–3.07)** | 2.57 (2.01–3.28)** | 2.50 (1.92–3.25)** | 1.56 (1.18–2.05)* | |
| Trazodone use | 257 | 1.40 (0.483–4.06) | 1.95 (0.579–6.57) | 1.82 (0.517–6.42) | 1.09 (0.282–4.20) |
| No trazodone use | 2.42 (1.91–3.06)** | 2.59 (2.02–3.30)** | 2.47 (1.89–3.31)** | 1.54 (1.17–2.03)* |
—
indicates sample size too small for analysis.
a
Adjusted for sex, age, education, and race.
*
Statistical significance at p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.001.