Table 1.

Functionalization of polymeric materials with molecules and cells

Material	Structure	Preparation method	Treatment	Cell attachment	In vivo/in vitro	Significance to wound healing	Ref.
Polypropylene	Non-woven fabric	Taiwan Textile Research Institute	DC-pulsed plasma-grafting acrylic acid	Chemical grafting with chitosan and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)	In vivo, Sprague Dawley rats	Increases antibacterial activity, with effective wound closure	Chen et al. 2012
Polypropylene	Non-woven fabric	-	DC-pulsed plasma- grafting acrylic acid	Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)	In vivo, Sprague Dawley rats	Temperature responsive and effective wound healing	Chen and Lee, 2008
PVC, PP	Films	Plasma polymerization	Hydrocarbon plasma polymer, collagen I	Human keratinocytes	In vitro	Surface chemistry and cell transfer capability were unaffected by sterilization pocedures	Haddow et al. 2003
Chitosan	Membranes, films	Chemical methods	Argon plasma	Human skin fibroblasts	In vitro	Improved surface hydrophilicity, cell attachment, migration and proliferation	Zhu et al. 2005
Regenerated cellulose	Non-woven	KEMEX, The Netherlands	RF plasma (oxygen/ ammonium) treatment + alkaline treatment	Silver chloride nanoparticles	In vitro	Improved antimicrobial activity	Peršin et al. 2014a
Regenerated cellulose	Non-woven	–	RF oxygen plasma treatment + alkali treatment	Silver chloride nanoparticles	In vitro	Combination of all three treatments improved the characteristics	Pivec et al. 2014
Viscose	Non-woven fabric	KEMEX, The Netherlands	Ammonia plasma	–	–	Improved absorption and the biostatic properties	Peršin et al. 2014b
Wool cotton polyamide6	Fabric	Dimtex S.A, Mas Molas S.A Flotats S.A.	Ar-2%CF4 microwave –post-discharge plasma	–	–	Improved in the antimicrobial activity of fluorinated surface due to the quantity of F and the kind of bonding	Canal et al. 2009
Cellulose	Non-woven	Holzbecher, Zl’ıˇc Czech republic	Argon plasma	Chitosan, AgCl	–	Improved hydrophilicity due to plasma in turn increased chitosan content and Agcl precipitation on the surface enhancing antimicrobial activity.	Vosmanská et al. 2015
PVC	Film	Beijing Huaer Co., Ltd	Oxygen PIII	Triclosan and bronopol	-	Increased hydrophilicity and antimicrobial activity	Zhang et al. 2006
Chitosan	Nanofibers	Electrospinning	Argon plasma	Silver nanoparticles	–	Increased antimicrobial activity	Annur et al. 2015
Chitosan	Membranes	Solvent casting	Nitrogen and argon plasma	L929 cells	In vitro	Enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation	Luna et al. 2011
Polystyrene	Dishes	Sterelin, UK	Isopropyl alcohol plasma	Human fibroblast cells	-	Increased hydrophilicity, cell attachment and proliferation	Mitchell et al. 2004
Silicon wafers	Film	Plasma polymerization	Acetylene and N2/Ar pulsed RF plasma	Horseradish peroxide	-	Good mechanical properties, high protein activity for longer time	Yin et al. 2009
Polyethylene	Film	-	N2 co-PIII	Silver	In vitro	Improved antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility.	Zhang et al. 2008
Silk fibroin	Nanofibers	Electrospinning	Oxygen/methane plasma	Normal human epidermal keratinocytes and fibroblast	In vitro	Increased hydrophilicity, cell attachment and proliferation for oxygen plasma-treated samples	Jeong et al. 2009
Silk fibroin	Nanofibrous scaffold	Electrospinning	Microwave argon plasma	Human articular chondrocytes	In vitro	Increased cell attachment and proliferation	Baek et al. 2008
Silk fibroin and wool keratose	3D nanofibrous scaffold	Electrospinning	Microwave-induced argon plasma	Human articular keratinocytes	In vitro	Increased hydrophilicity, cell attachment and proliferation	Cheon et al. 2010
Chitosan	Membranes	Chemical methods	RF Ar and nitrogen plasma	F1 544 cells	In vitro	Increased surface roughness facilitating cell attachment and migration	Saranwong et al. 2012
Polyethylene	Foil	Granitol Ltd.,Czech Republic	DC argon plasma	Grafted with biphenyldithiol, Au nanoparticles	In vitro	Increased cell adhesion	Kasálková et al. 2012