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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 2.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2016 Feb 26;51(6):963–970. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.12.328

Table 1. Study Participant Characteristics (N = 384).

Characteristic N (%) or Median [IQR]
Age 66 [61–75]
Male 371 (96)
Race, white 314 (81)
Baseline KCCQ score 39 [27–48]
Ejection fraction class
 Normal (≥50%) 146 (47)
 Mildly reduced (40%–49%) 64 (21)
 Moderately reduced (30%–39%) 68 (22)
 Severely reduced (<30%) 30 (10)
Biventricular pacemaker 21 (5.5)
Comorbidity count 3 [2–4]
 Hypertension 317 (83)
 Coronary artery disease 207 (54)
 Diabetes 192 (50)
 Atrial fibrillation 143 (37)
 COPD 116 (30)
 Alcohol abuse 60 (16)
 Peripheral vascular disease 48 (13)
 TIA or stroke 33 (8.6)
 Other substance abuse 28 (7.3)

IQR = interquartile range; KCCQ = Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; TIA = transient ischemic attack.