Table 1. Study Participant Characteristics (N = 384).
Characteristic | N (%) or Median [IQR] |
---|---|
Age | 66 [61–75] |
Male | 371 (96) |
Race, white | 314 (81) |
Baseline KCCQ score | 39 [27–48] |
Ejection fraction class | |
Normal (≥50%) | 146 (47) |
Mildly reduced (40%–49%) | 64 (21) |
Moderately reduced (30%–39%) | 68 (22) |
Severely reduced (<30%) | 30 (10) |
Biventricular pacemaker | 21 (5.5) |
Comorbidity count | 3 [2–4] |
Hypertension | 317 (83) |
Coronary artery disease | 207 (54) |
Diabetes | 192 (50) |
Atrial fibrillation | 143 (37) |
COPD | 116 (30) |
Alcohol abuse | 60 (16) |
Peripheral vascular disease | 48 (13) |
TIA or stroke | 33 (8.6) |
Other substance abuse | 28 (7.3) |
IQR = interquartile range; KCCQ = Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; TIA = transient ischemic attack.