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. 2017 Nov 27;11:110. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00110

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Copyright © 2017 Olateju, Bhagwandin, Ihunwo and Manger.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Graphs showing the average numbers of cholinergic neurons (ChAT; A), catecholaminergic neurons (TH; B), orexinergic neurons (C), and density of orexinergic boutons in the anterior cingulate cortex (D) in the brains of three different groups (n = 6 per group) analyzed in the present study, the group exposed to chronic prenatal alcohol (CA), the prenatal gavage control group (CAc) and the NTc. (A) Note that while the numbers of ChAT immunoreactive neurons in the LDT and PPT nuclei are lower in the CA group, this difference is not statistically significant. (B) Note that while the numbers of TH immunoreactive neurons in the locus coeruleus complex (LC) is higher in the CA group, this difference is not statistically significant. (C) Note that while the numbers of orexin-A (OxA) immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus is higher in the CA group, this difference is not statistically significant. (D) Note that the density of orexinergic boutons in the anterior cingulate cortex is lower in the CA group than the other groups, and this is statistically significantly lower than the untreated control (NTc) group *p = 0.002.