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. 2017 Dec 1;7:16813. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16874-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Chitosan induces the Trp-dependent pathway for auxin synthesis. (A) Exposition of Arabidopsis plants to chitosan for 1d induces relative expression of YUC2. AAO1is overexpressed after 3d in contact with 1 mg ml⁻¹. However, AMI1 is repressed after 1d in contact with chitosan. Higher doses of chitosan (1 mg ml⁻¹) allows overexpression of AMI1 after 3d in contact with chitosan. Besides, low doses of chitosan (0.1 mg ml⁻¹) induces Trp-dependent pathway for auxin synthesis. Arabidopsis plants exposed for 1d to low chitosan doses propitiates overexpression of YUC2. However, Arabidopsis plants exposed for 3d to low chitosan doses propitiates overexpression of AAO1 and AMI1. Asterisks indicate significant differences *(p < 0.05) respect to control (B) Histochemical analysis shows chitosan induces YUC2:GUS transgene expression in Arabidopsis roots. (Scale bar 50 µm). (C) Simplified view of IAA and its modulation by chitosan.