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. 2017 Dec 1;7:16813. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16874-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Chitosan modify auxin transport and auxin signalling gene expression in Arabidopsis roots. (A) Relative expression of PIN1 and ARF1 at low chitosan doses (0.1 mg ml⁻¹). High chitosan doses (1 mg ml⁻¹) repress expression of both genes. Asterisks indicate significant differences *(p < 0.05) respect to control. (B) Chitosan (1 mg ml⁻¹) abolishes PIN1-GFP fusion protein visualization in Arabidopsis roots in comparison with untreated Arabidopsis roots. (Scale bar 10 µm).