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. 2017 Dec 1;7:16782. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16977-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Hyperglycaemia augmented the effect of Shh and TGF-β₁ on profibrogenic phenotype change in renal tubular cells. HKC-8 cells were cultured in 5 mM D-glucose or 30 mM D-glucose with 10 ng/ml Shh or 10 ng/ml TGF-β₁. (a) Expression levels of TGF-β₁ and fibronectin at 24 hours after Shh treatment. (b) Representative confocal fluorescence images of α-SMA were examined at 24 hours after Shh treatment. (c) Expression levels of Shh and fibronectin at 24 hours after TGF-β₁ treatment. (d) Representative confocal fluorescence images of α-SMA were examined at 24 hours after TGF-β₁ treatment. Expression of each protein was normalized by GAPDH. The fold-change of each protein was calculated as the ratio of averages versus a 5 mM D-glucose control. Values are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. ^* p < 0.05 versus 5 mM D-glucose or 30 mM D-glucose controls, ^# p < 0.05 versus 5 mM D-glucose with treatment.