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. 2017 Dec 1;7:16711. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16922-0

Table 2.

Descriptive statistics of gait performance in all participates.

Measurements Patients with FOG Patients without FOG Healthy controls F p p1 p2 p3
Total Duration 59.01 ± 25.87 46.99 ± 6.33 42.07 ± 1.80 10.130 0.000* 0.003# 0.000# 0.206
Step Initiation
APA duration (s) 0.51 ± 0.24 0.58 ± 0.32 0.56 ± 0.31 0.598 0.552 0.292 0.445 0.764
APA latency (s) 0.83 ± 1.27 0.68 ± 0.95 0.36 ± 0.16 2.148 0.123 0.515 0.045 0.174
First step range of motion (degrees) 22.80 ± 9.27 32.94 ± 9.63 40.61 ± 7.42 32.289 0.000* 0.000# 0.000# 0.001#
First step latency (s) 0.83 ± 1.27 0.68 ± 0.95 0.36 ± 0.16 2.148 0.123 0.515 0.045 0.174
Straight Walking
Stride length (m) 0.98 ± 0.29 1.26 ± 0.18 1.40 ± 0.09 34.927 0.000* 0.000# 0.000# 0.006#
Stride velocity (m/s) 0.94 ± 0.27 1.16 ± 0.19 1.34 ± 0.09 33.357 0.000* 0.000# 0.000# 0.000#
Cadence (steps/min) 118.92 ± 22.00 110.53 ± 8.71 115.00 ± 8.14 2.640 0.077 0.024# 0.282 0.221
Double support time (% gait cycle) 23.65 ± 8.02 21.71 ± 4.66 20.91 ± 4.08 1.831 0.166 0.192 0.066 0.590
Swing time (% gait cycle) 38.17 ± 4.01 39.15 ± 2.33 39.54 ± 2.04 1.831 0.166 0.192 0.066 0.590
Stance time (% gait cycle) 61.83 ± 4.01 60.85 ± 2.33 60.46 ± 2.04 1.831 0.166 0.192 0.066 0.590
Arm swing amplitude (degrees) 9.73 ± 6.65 14.34 ± 9.40 16.79 ± 10.56 4.907 0.010* 0.049# 0.003# 0.290
Turning
Turn duration (s) 5.34 ± 3.21 3.03 ± 0.71 2.28 ± 0.50 21.710 0.000* 0.000# 0.000# 0.123
Turn steps 9.89 ± 4.09 6.00 ± 1.28 4.88 ± 0.93 34.060 0.000* 0.000# 0.000# 0.080
Turn peak velocity (degrees/sec) 100.46 ± 39.39 129.07 ± 24.57 164.79 ± 36.51 28.133 0.000* 0.001* 0.000* 0.000*

FOG: freezing of gait; APA: anticipatory postural adjustments. p1: patients with FOG vs patients without FOG; p2: patients with FOG vs healthy controls; p3: patients without FOG vs healthy controls. *p < 0.001 in the ANOVA analyses; #p < 0.05 in the post-hoc analyses.