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. 2017 Dec 1;7:16701. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16902-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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LPCAT4 mRNA expression and LPCAT enzymatic activity increase during chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells. (A) mRNA levels of LPCATs in ATDC5 cells cultured in α-MEM with 50 ng/ml ascorbic acid and 1% ITS. The fold increase in mRNA expression was calculated relative to day 0 (day 0 = 1) and normalized to GAPDH. Error bars represent mean ± S.D., n = 3. **p < 0.01, compared with day 0, post-hoc test (Bonferroni’s correction) after one-way ANOVA. (B) LPCAT enzymatic activity in ATDC5 cells measured with 16:0-, 18:1-, 18:2-, 20:4-, and 22:6-CoA as donors. Error bars represent mean ± S.D., n = 3. **p < 0.01, compared with day 0, post-hoc test (Bonferroni’s correction) after two way ANOVA.